Effective Carbon Dioxide Mitigation and Improvement of Compost Nutrients with the Use of Composts' Biochar.

Composting is a process that emits environmentally harmful gases: CO, CO, HS, and NH, negatively affecting the quality of mature compost. The addition of biochar to the compost can significantly reduce emissions. For effective CO removal, high doses of biochar (up to 20%) are often recommended.

Effects of Iron, Lime, and Porous Ceramic Powder Additives on Methane Production from Brewer's Spent Grain in the Anaerobic Digestion Process.

The process of anaerobic digestion used for methane production can be enhanced by dosing various additive materials. The effects of these materials are dependent on various factors, including the processed substrate, process conditions, and the type and amount of the additive material. As part of the study, three different materials-iron powder, lime, and milled porous ceramic-were added to the 30-day anaerobic digestion of the brewer's spent grain to improve its performance.

Enhanced Production of Biogas Using Biochar-Sulfur Composite in the Methane Fermentation Process.

The methane fermentation of organic waste is one way to minimize organic waste, which accounts for 77% of the global municipal waste stream. The use of biochar as an additive for methane fermentation has been shown to increase the production potential of biogas. Sulfur waste has a potential application to synergistic recycling in a form of composites with other materials including biochar.

Simple Method for Apples' Bruise Area Prediction.

From the producers' point of view, there is no universal and quick method to predict bruise area when dropping an apple from a certain height onto a certain type of substrate. In this study the authors presented a very simple method to estimate bruise volume based on drop height and substrate material. Three varieties of apples were selected for the study: Idared, Golden Delicious, and Jonagold.

Lab-Scale Study of Temperature and Duration Effects on Carbonized Solid Fuels Properties Produced from Municipal Solid Waste Components.

In work, data from carbonization of the eight main municipal solid waste components (carton, fabric, kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, paper/aluminum/polyethylene (PAP/AL/PE) composite packaging pack, wood) carbonized at 300-500 °C for 20-60 min were used to build regression models to predict the biochar properties (proximate and ultimate analysis) for particular components. These models were then combined in general models that predict the properties of char made from mixed waste components depending on pyrolysis temperature, residence time, and share of municipal solid waste components. Next, the general models were compared with experimental data (two mixtures made from the above-mentioned components carbonized at the same conditions).

The Prediction of Calorific Value of Carbonized Solid Fuel Produced from Refuse-Derived Fuel in the Low-Temperature Pyrolysis in CO.

The decrease in the calorific value of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is an unintended outcome of the progress made toward more sustainable waste management. Plastics and paper separation and recycling leads to the overall decrease in waste's calorific value, further limiting its applicability for thermal treatment. Pyrolysis has been proposed to densify energy in RDF and generate carbonized solid fuel (CSF).

The correlation between serum E-selectin levels and soluble interleukin-2 receptors with relation to disease activity in localized scleroderma.

Introduction: Scleroderma is a chronic connective tissue disease resulting in fibrosis.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the connection between sE-selectin and sIL-2R and the severity of skin lesions in various subtypes of LoS. Evaluation of disease severity, the location of skin lesions, the duration of symptoms and disease activity were assessed in relation to the three different LoS subtypes in patients with localized scleroderma.