Brood care in a 100-million-year-old scale insect.

Behavior of extinct organisms can be inferred only indirectly, but occasionally rare fossils document particular behaviors directly. Brood care, a remarkable behavior promoting the survival of the next generation, has evolved independently numerous times among animals including insects. However, fossil evidence of such a complex behavior is exceptionally scarce.

Ovary of Matsucoccus pini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccinea: Matsucoccidae): morphology, ultrastructure, and phylogenetic implications.

The structure of ovary in a representative of the scale insect family Matsucoccidae, Matsucoccus pini, is described at the ultrastructural level. The paired ovaries of M. pini are composed of about 50 ovarioles of telotrophic type that develop asynchronously.

Preliminary study of wing interference patterns (WIPs) in some species of soft scale (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Coccidae).

The fore wings of scale insect males possess reduced venation compared with other insects and the homologies of remaining veins are controversial. The hind wings are reduced to hamulohalterae. When adult males are prepared using the standard methods adopted to females and nymphs, i.

Thorax morphology of selected species of the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera, Psylloidea).

The paper concerns with characteristics of a thorax morphological structure Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 species, referring to an analysis of five species classified in the past in three subgenera. The structure of the sternites, tergites and pleurites of all the parts of the thorax was studied by a scanning microscope. Descriptions of particular elements building up thorax plates, their shape, size and links as well as a course of all the clefts and sulcus are provided.