Revision parotidectomy - analysis of indications for the procedure and treatment results based on 10 years of follow-up in a single center.

<b>Introduction:</b> Surgical removal of recurrent parotid gland tumours is the first-line treatment but presents an increased risk of facial nerve injury and a considerable re-recurrence failure rate.<b>Aim:</b> Identification of individuals exposed to a higher risk of re-procedure, raising awareness in the preoperative setting, and proposing an optimal follow-up.<b>Methods:</b> The retrospective review included 72 patients treated with revision surgery in a single centre.

Oncologic outcomes of the most prevalent major salivary gland cancers: retrospective cohort study from single center.

Background: The preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland cancer (SGC) is crucial for the application of appropriate treatment, particularly involving the extension of the resection.

Methods: Retrospective search of medical database identified 116 patients treated surgically with malignant tumors of salivary gland between 2010 and 2020. Analysis included the demographical data, clinical course, type of surgical and adjuvant treatment, histology type and margin status, perivascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), metastatic lymph nodes (LN).

Small‑molecule PKR‑like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitors as a novel targeted therapy for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in worldwide and remains a therapeutic challenge due to the low efficacy of current treatments. Numerous studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PD pathogenesis. ER stress, followed by activation of the protein kinase RNA‑like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)‑dependent branch of the unfolded protein response signaling pathway, ultimately leads to neural cell death and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.

Gene Mutations in α-Synucleinopathies-Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathology and Their Clinical Significance.

α-Synucleinopathies comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by altered accumulation of a protein called α-synuclein inside neurons and glial cells. This aggregation leads to the formation of intraneuronal inclusions, Lewy bodies, that constitute the hallmark of α-synuclein pathology. The most prevalent α-synucleinopathies are Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Vitamin D3 improves spatial memory and modulates cytokine levels in aged rats.

Vitamin D3 deficiency is associated with an increased risk of dementia. An association between vitamin D3 deficiency and subjective cognitive complaints in geriatric patients has been previously reported. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two doses of vitamin D3 on spatial memory (using the Radial Maze) and cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)] on 2-, 6-, 13-, 22-, and 31-month-old male Wistar rats.

COVID-19 and Brain Aging: What are the Implications of Immunosenescence?

The human lifespan is increasing, and mankind is aging. It is estimated that, until the year 2050, this population worldwide will reach 22% of the total world population. Along with aging, the human immunologic system changes, a process called immunosenescence or even inflammaging.

Plants as Modulators of Melanogenesis: Role of Extracts, Pure Compounds and Patented Compositions in Therapy of Pigmentation Disorders.

The kingdom of plants as a "green biofabric" of valuable bioactive molecules has long been used in many ailments. Currently, extracts and pure compounds of plant origin are used to aid in pigmentation skin problems by influencing the process of melanogenesis. Melanin is a very important pigment that protects human skin against ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress.

Small-molecule inhibitors of the PERK-mediated Unfolded Protein Response signaling pathway in targeted therapy for colorectal cancer.

<b> Introduction:</b> The newest data has reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and PERK-dependent Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling pathway may constitute a key factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis on the molecular level. Nowadays used anti-cancer treatment strategies are still insufficient, since patients suffer from various side effects that are directly evoked via therapeutic agents characterized by non-specific action in normal and cancer cells. </br></br> <b>Aim:</b> Thereby, the main aim of the presented research was to analyze the effectiveness of the small-molecule PERK inhibitor NCI 12487 in an in vitro cellular model of CRC.

Neuroprotective effects of combined therapy with memantine, donepezil, and vitamin D in ovariectomized female mice subjected to dementia model.

Women older than 60 have a higher risk of dementia, aging-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) than the rest of the population. The main reason is hormonal senescence after menopause, a period characterized by a decline in estrogen levels. Since the effectiveness of drugs currently approved for the treatment of AD is limited, it is necessary to seek the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Indications for surgical treatment of major salivary glands pathologies with epidemiology analysis in adults - cohort study of 1173 cases.

Purpose: The review of indications for surgical treatment of major salivary glands in adults hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw.

Materials And Methods: The retrospective analysis was based on the 1173 postoperative histopathological examinations of the salivary glands collected over a period of 10 years (2010-2020). Analysis included histopathological diagnosis, localization of lesions, multifocality, complete resection, lymph node involvement, as well as demographical data of sex and age.

Targeting NLRP3-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the general population and, to date, constitutes a major therapeutic challenge. In the pathogenesis of AD, aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) containing Tau-microtubule-associated protein (tau) are known to trigger a neuroinflammatory response with subsequent formation of an inflammasome. In particular, the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is thought to play a crucial role in AD-related pathology.

The Modulation of Melanogenesis in B16 Cells Upon Treatment with Plant Extracts and Isolated Plant Compounds.

Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites that exhibit numerous desired properties. The compounds may influence the biology of melanocytes, pigment cells that produce melanin, by modulating numerous signaling pathways, including cAMP/PKA, MAPKs and PI3K/AKT. Its downstream target is microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, responsible for the expression of the tyrosinase enzyme, which plays a major role in melanogenesis.

Long-term administration of soft drink causes memory impairment and oxidative damage in adult and middle-aged rats.

Introduction: The consumption of soft drinks has increased considerably in recent decades, mainly cola soft drinks. Excessive consumption of cola-based soft drinks is associated with several diseases and cognitive decline, particularly memory impairment. Furthermore, diets with high sugar can promote insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia.

IRE1α Inhibitors as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy in Blood Malignancies.

Synthesis, folding, and structural maturation of proteins occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen contributes to the induction of ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. Under ER stress, the UPR tries to maintain cellular homeostasis through different pathways, including the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)-dependent ones.

Polymorphism association of NIL1, NIL2, CYP1A1 xenobiotic metabolism genes and their expression with the risk of colorectal cancer in the Polish population.

<b>Introduction:</b> Colorectal cancer (CRC), despite intensive research on the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, is still the second most deadly cancer in Poland in terms of mortality. One of the factors predisposing to a higher risk of CRC may be the individual differences in the effectiveness of proteins responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics - it seems that the removal of potentially harmful exogenous substances significantly reduces the risk of carcinogenesis. </br></br> <b>Aim:</b> In this work, we analyzed the effect of polymorphisms of genes responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics on the risk of CRC - rs72554606 polymorphism of N AT 1 gene, rs1799930 polymorphism of N AT 2 gene and rs1799814 polymorphism of CYP1A1 gene, as well as the level of expression of these genes.

Synthesis and Hemostatic Activity of New Amide Derivatives.

Eight dipeptides containing antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid, aminocaproic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid, and glycine-natural amino acids) were synthesized in a three-step process with good or very good yields. DMT/NMM/TsO (4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium toluene-4-sulfonate) was used as a coupling reagent. Hemolysis tests were used to study the effects of the dipeptides on blood components.

and Studies on (L.) R. Br. Root Extract against Cancer Cells.

Background: Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.

Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Neurodegenerative Disease.

Lutein and zeaxanthin belong to the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, which are pigments produced by plants. Structurally, they are very similar, differing only slightly in the arrangement of atoms. Key sources of these carotenoids include kale, savoy cabbage, spinach, broccoli, peas, parsley, corn, and egg yolks.

Screening of Self-Assembling of Collagen IV Fragments into Stable Structures Potentially Useful in Regenerative Medicine.

The aim of the research was to check whether it is possible to use fragments of type IV collagen to obtain, as a result of self-assembling, stable spatial structures that could be used to prepare new materials useful in regenerative medicine. Collagen IV fragments were obtained by using DMT/NMM/TosO as a coupling reagent. The ability to self-organize and form stable spatial structures was tested by the CD method and microscopic techniques.

The Modulatory Influence of Plant-Derived Compounds on Human Keratinocyte Function.

The plant kingdom is a rich source of secondary metabolites with numerous properties, including the potential to modify keratinocyte biology. Keratinocytes are important epithelial cells that play a protective role against various chemical, physical and biological stimuli, and participate in reactive oxygen scavenging and inflammation and wound healing processes. The epidermal cell response may be modulated by phytochemicals via changes in signal transduction pathways.

Inflammatory Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Review of Experimental Findings.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Most AD patients develop the disease in late life, named late onset AD (LOAD). Currently, the most recognized explanation for AD pathology is the amyloid cascade hypothesis.

Association of miRNA and mRNA Levels of the Clinical Onset of Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, in which many factors can act together to influence disease susceptibility and progression. To date, the exact cause of MS is still unclear, but it is believed to result from an abnormal response of the immune system to one or more myelin antigens that develops in genetically susceptible individuals after their exposure to a, as yet undefined, causal agent. In our study, we assessed the effect of microRNAs on the expression level of neuroprotective proteins, including neurotrophins (BDNF and NT4/5), heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP27), and sirtuin (SIRT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the development of multiple sclerosis.

Physico-Chemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Thermosensitive Chitosan Lactate and Chitosan Chloride Hydrogels Developed for Tissue Engineering Application.

Recently, the modification of the initial structure of biopolymers, mainly chitosan, has been gaining importance with a view to obtain functional forms with increased practicality and specific properties enabling their use in tissue engineering. Therefore, in this article, the properties (structural and biological) of thermosensitive hydrogels obtained from chitosan lactate/chloride and two types of crosslinking agents (β-glycerol phosphate disodium salt pentahydrate and uridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt) are discussed. The aim of the research is to identify changes in the structure of the biomaterials during conditioning in water.