Advancing Pharmaceutical Care in Community Pharmacies in Poland: A Blueprint for Enhanced Patient Care Quality.

: This article reviews the current state of pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies in Poland and proposes a collaborative framework for its advancement. While pharmaceutical care has evolved significantly worldwide, with Europe leading the way, Poland has lagged in its development. Although Polish pharmacists are well-qualified and community pharmacies are numerous, pharmaceutical care remains underdeveloped.

Characteristics of Adrenal Hemorrhage: A Single Clinic's Experience.

<b>Introduction:</b> Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a very rare and potentially life-threatening disease which may be secondary to trauma or of non-traumatic etiology.<b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study was to present the characteristics and management of adrenal hemorrhage and show that adrenal hemorrhage is more common than expected and that the clinical symptoms are not specific.<b>Materials and methods:</b> This retrospective study involved 199 patients with postoperative diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage.

Huge Hematoma as First Manifestation of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy associated with unfavorable prognosis. It is mainly diagnosed in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Symptoms of ACC are associated with hormonal activity, presence of metastases, and size of the tumor.

Adrenal-sparing surgery for a hormonally active tumour - a single-centre experience.

Introduction: Surgeries that spare the adrenal cortex during adrenalectomy have profound justification. Indications for this type of surgery are fairly strict, and more than 30 years of observations continuously verify the results of the procedure.

Material And Methods: Of a total of 650 adrenalectomies, 22 (3.

Undiagnosed Pheochromocytoma Presenting as a Pancreatic Tumor: A Case Report.

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing tumor of the adrenal gland. Patients with known pheochromocytoma undergoing surgery require preoperative treatment with alpha-blockers to reduce the risk of intraoperative complications related to catecholamine release. If undiagnosed, pheochromocytoma can lead to life-threatening surgical complications.

Surgical treatment of abdominal paragangliomas.

Introduction: Extraperitoneal, abdominal paragangliomas most commonly originate from the sympathetic nervous system. Typical features include catecholamine overproduction and the potential for malignancy. Lesions are usually located paravertebrally, but when growing in a more expansive manner they may also appear between the inferior vena cava and aorta.

New Applications and Analysis of (E)-Azastilbenes in Environmental Samples.

The paper collates and summarizes information on stilbene derivatives, i.e. (E)-azastilbenes, taking into account the new possibilities of their applications, inter alia, in the natural environment.

Adrenal cysts - optimal laparoscopic treatment.

Introduction: Adrenal cysts develop in up to about 0.2% of the overall population. They may account for up to 11% of all pathologies of adrenal glands.

Lateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with previous abdominal surgery - single-center experience.

Introduction: Lateral transabdominal adrenalectomy (LTA) is the most common minimally invasive technique used to treat patients with adrenal tumors.

Aim: To analyze intra-operative and post-operative complications and reasons for conversion to open surgery in patients who underwent LTA and had previous abdominal surgery.

Material And Methods: Five hundred and nineteen patients underwent LTA in our center between 2005 and 2016.

Adrenal Incidentaloma - Diagnostic and Treating Problem - Own Experience.

Introduction: Incidentaloma is defined as an tumor diagnosed accidentally using imaging studies performed due to other indications. The aim of this paper was to describe the diagnostic and treatment problems experienced by patients with adrenal incidentaloma in a clinical practice.

Material And Methods: In years 2009-2012 there were 33(16,5%) adrenal tumors diagnosed incidentally out of 200 cases treated due to adrenal pathology.

Effectiveness of unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in ACTH-independent hypercortisolaemia and subclinical Cushing's syndrome - a retrospective study on a large cohort.

Introduction: To assess the effectiveness of early unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in ACTH-independent and subclinical hypercor-tisolaemia.

Material And Methods: We conducted a unicentric, retrospective study. Between 2010 and 2015, 356 laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed in the Department of General and Endocrine Surgery of the MUW.

Comparison of phenoxybenzamine and doxazosin in perioperative management of patients with pheochromocytoma.

Background: Adrenalectomy with preoperative pharmacological preparation is strongly recommended in patients diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, in order to prevent perioperative complications.

Aim: To compare phenoxybenzamine (PhB) and doxazosin (DOX) in terms of perioperative haemodynamic status in patients with pheochromocytoma, who have been prepared for adrenalectomy.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 44 patients with pheochromocytoma (aged 16-80 years, 29 females) who underwent adrenalectomy.

The usefulness of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the treatment of adrenal neoplasms - a single-centre experience.

Introduction: Adrenal neoplasms comprise about 10% of all tumours affecting this organ and constitute a significant, at first diagnostic and subsequently therapeutic, problem, especially since a relatively high proportion of neoplastic lesions are asymptomatic. The number of diagnosed metastases to adrenal glands is increasing. Surgical treatment involves both open surgery as well as laparoscopy.

Intravascular Treatment of Left Subclavian Artery Aneurysm Coexisting with Aortic Coarctation in an Adult Patient.

Coexistence of aortic coarctation with aneurysm of subclavian artery is a uncommon situation and may require unusual treatment in patients. A 40-year-old patient diagnosed incidentally with left subclavian artery aneurysm coexisting with aortic coarctation. Patient was initially referred for hybrid treatment.

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Among patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, local and distant recurrence is the main reason for cancer-related deaths. In case of adrenal location of metachronous metastases, the standard treatment consists on cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy. While surgical removal of metastasis remains controversial approach, more and more data support such treatment as effective and safe.

Laparoscopic treatment of adrenal cysts--own research and literature review.

Material And Methods: Over the last 18 months we operated on six patients with large adrenal gland cysts in our centre. This consisted of 8.2% of all patients treated in said period due to adrenal gland pathologies.

The local spread of pheochromocytoma after adrenalectomy with a rupture of the tumor capsule at the time of the surgery.

Introduction: We present a case of a 29-year-old patient treated due to fully symptomatic pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland.

Case Presentation: Patient was operated on and an open right-sided adrenalectomy was performed. At the time of the surgery, a rupture of the tumor capsule occurred.

The effect of surgical treatment of phaeochromocytoma on concomitant arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a single-centre retrospective study.

Introduction: Phaeochromocytoma is one of the numerous causes of secondary hypertension. Furthermore, phaeochromocytoma may first present with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of adrenalectomy on patient recovery with regards to normotension and well-controlled glycaemia.

Location and incidence rate of anastomotic aneurysms--own clinical material and literature review.

Unlabelled: Anastomotic aneurysms occurs at various levels of arterial system. Determining their location and incidence rate required investigation of large patient clinical material.

Material And Methods: In the years 1989-2010 in local centre 230 anastomotic aneurysms were operated in 180 patients.

A spontaneous paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome.

We present a case of a 40-year old woman diagnosed with a four-place spontaneous paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome, which was treated surgically. The presence of the succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D (SDHD) mutation that causes the pheochromocytoma was confirmed but no mutations in the family members were found. After the excision of the paragangliomas located in the areas of the division of carotid arteries, and mediastinum, as well as a tumor on the left site of the celiac trunk, the patient remains asymptomatic and is regularly followed-up.

Anastomotic aneurysms--20-years of experience from one center.

Unlabelled: Anastomotic aneurysms may develop after any type of vascular surgery, in different areas of the arterial system, and require reoperation. The frequency of occurrence of the above-mentioned is estimated at 1-5%.

Material And Methods: During the period between 1989 and 2010, 180 patients with 230 anastomotic aneurysms were subject to surgical intervention at the Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Warsaw Medical University.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in a patient with situs inversus levocardia.

The article presents a case of an adrenal adenoma (Conn's syndrome) in a 50-year-old man with situs inversus with levocardia. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed and the patient made a full recovery. It has been concluded that diagnostic assessment by means of imaging techniques providing details of the organ anatomy and the experience of the medical team are the key factors determining the outcome of such surgery.

Is tumour size a contraindication to laparoscopic adrenalectomy? Case report.

The authors present a case report of a patient with a large, hormonally silent tumour of the right adrenal gland. Due to the patient's numerous strains, the necessity of two gynaecological operations, and treatment of broken bones, adrenalectomy was contraindicated for 2 years. After that time, the size of the tumour reached 18 cm × 12 cm.

Laparoscopic treatment of Cushing's syndrome in a woman in late pregnancy - a case presentation.

Hypercortisolaemia during pregnancy constitutes a serious threat to life of the mother and fetus and may be associated with adrenocortical carcinoma. The objective of this study is to present the usefulness of laparoscopic procedures in treating adrenal tumours in such cases. One 21-year-old woman, 24 weeks pregnant, with hypertension and Cushing's syndrome due to a left adrenal tumour, underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy followed by hydrocortisone replacement.