Complications associated with patent urachus in starting of peritoneal dialysis.

Unlabelled: Urachus is a tubular connection between the umbilical cord and the bladder of developing foetus and tends to degenerate during perinatal period to form an impatent median umbilical ligament. Failure to degenerate results in patent canal between the bladder and the umbilicus called "patent urachus" which may lead to serious of symptoms such as umbilical discharge, dermatitis, umbilical infection, abdominal pain or recurrent urinary tract infections. The Tenckhoff catheter is a tube used to perform peritoneal dialysis that is inserted through abdominal wall into peritoneum either by open surgery, minilaparotomy, laparoscopy or needle-guidewire technique.

Manifestations of renal involvement in sarcoidosis - case series.

Unlabelled: Renal involvement is observed in 30% of sarcoidosis cases, but the exact occurrence is unknown, and the current numbers are estimated to be underestimated. The most common manifestation of renal sarcoidosis is interstitial nephritis, but other presentations are also possible, with specific histopathological and laboratory findings. Glomerulopathies, nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis are among the most commonly seen types of renal involvement.

Peritoneal dialysis in an adult patient with tetralogy of Fallot diagnosed with incomplete Alagille syndrome.

Background: Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder usually caused by pathogenic variants of the JAG1 gene. In the past, cholestasis was a condition sine qua non for diagnosis of the syndrome. However, recent advancements in genetic testing have revealed that clinical presentations vary from lack of symptoms, to multiorgan involvement.