Starfield's 4Cs of NCD management in primary healthcare: a conceptual framework development from a case study of 19 countries.

Introduction: Faced with a backdrop of an increasing chronic disease burden from an ageing global population compounded with rising healthcare costs, health systems are required to implement cost-effective, safe and equitable care through efficient service delivery models. One approach to achieving this is through Starfield's 4Cs of primary healthcare (PHC), which delineates the key attributes of a high-performing PHC system that upholds the pillars of care coordination, first contact of care, continuity of care and comprehensive care. Therefore, this study aims to explore and elucidate the key themes and subthemes related to and extending beyond Starfield's 4Cs of PHC by integrating findings from a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study.

The effects of provider contract types and fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of the Polish hospital sector: A data envelopment analysis across 16 health regions.

Background: Expenditures on hospitals constitute a large proportion of total health expenditures. In Poland the share of hospital spending is higher than the European Union average. The efficiency of the Polish hospital sector merits investigation.

Barriers to the implementation of public-private partnerships in the healthcare sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Saudi Arabia is considering increasing the role of the private sector's participation in financing and delivering healthcare services through the adoption of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). However, the adoption and successful implementation of PPPs in the Saudi healthcare sector requires careful attention to overcome potential obstacles.

Objectives: This study investigates and identifies potential barriers to the successful implementation of PPPs in the Saudi healthcare sector.