Immobilisation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase and Laccase on Chitosan Particles as a Multi-Enzymatic System for the Synthesis of Lactobionic Acid.

Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a bioactive compound that has become increasingly popular in medicine in recent years due to its unique properties. This chemical can be formed via the enzymatic oxidation of lactose using fungal oxidoreductive enzymes. This study aimed to intensify the synthesis of LBA using immobilised enzymes (cellobiose dehydrogenase from (PchCDH) and laccase from (CuLAC)) on chitosan microspheres.

Naturally Occurring Chalcones with Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement Characteristics.

In this paper, the natural chalcones: 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxychalcone (HCH), cardamonin (CA), xanthohumol (XN), isobavachalcone (IBC) and licochalcone A (LIC) are studied using spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). For the first time, the spectroscopic and structural features of naturally occurring chalcones with varying numbers and positions of hydroxyl groups in rings A and B were investigated to prove the presence of the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect. The fluorescence studies were carried out in the aggregate form in a solution and in a solid state.

Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of Lactobionic Acid Using Wood-Degrading Enzymes Produced by White Rot Fungi.

Enzymes produced by white rot fungi are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites with valuable biotechnological properties. One of these metabolites is lactobionic acid (LBA). The aim of this study was to characterize a novel enzyme system consisting of a cellobiose dehydrogenase from (PlCDH), a laccase from (CuLAC), a redox mediator (ABTS or DCPIP), and lactose as a substrate.

Stability of Chlorophyll Monomer Incorporated into Cremophor EL Nano-Micelles under Dark and Moderate Light Conditions.

In this paper, stability of chlorophyll monomers encapsulated into the Cremophor EL nano-micelles was studied under dark and moderate light conditions, typical of a room with natural or artificial lighting, in the presence of oxygen. The pigment stability against visible light was determined using the dynamic light scattering and molecular spectroscopy (UV-Vis absorption and stationary fluorescence) methods. Chlorophyll , at the molar concentration of 10 M, was dissolved in the 5 wt% Cremophor emulsion for comparison in the ethanolic solution.

Cremophor EL Nano-Emulsion Monomerizes Chlorophyll in Water Medium.

In this paper, the application of a non-ionic detergent Cremophor EL for monomerization of chlorophyll in an aqueous medium is studied. The spectrophotometric properties of chlorophyll encapsulated into the Cremophor EL nano-emulsion system were characterized by electronic absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence as well as circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results have shown that chlorophyll dissolves more efficiently in the aqueous medium containing low-level Cremophor (5 wt%) than at an ethanolic solution even in the concentration of 10 M.