Exosomal ncRNAs in reproductive cancers.

Extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a pivotal role in the cellular mechanisms underlying cancer. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in the progression, growth, and metastasis of cancers affecting the male and female reproductive systems. Exosomes are identified as key mediators in intercellular communication, capable of transferring bioactive molecules such as miRNAs, proteins, and other nucleic acids that influence cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment interactions.

Examination of the haematological profile of pregnant Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cattle in the early stage.

Introduction: Cattle health and welfare are monitored the analysis of the haematological profile, and it shows cattle's ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, pregnancy and lactation; profile changes also indicate reproductive disorders. The literature lacks reports of the examination of the haematological profile in cows up to the 50 day of pregnancy (dop). Therefore, this research examined that in cows up to this pregnancy stage.

Disorder of Biological Quality and Autophagy Process in Bovine Oocytes Exposed to Heat Stress and the Effectiveness of In Vitro Fertilization.

The main problem in dairy herds is reproductive disorders, which are influenced by many factors, including temperature. Heat stress reduces the quality of oocytes and their maturation through the influence of, e.g.

Analysis of the Effect of Polymorphisms within the Gene on Dairy Performance Parameters.

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidins, play a significant role in farm animals, influencing animal welfare, immunity, and thus the quality of animal products.

Material And Methods: The study used amplification-created restriction site and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism to analyse single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene encoding the BMAP-34 protein in cattle, at positions 2,383 > and 2,468 > . The material was collected from 279 Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.

Molecular consequences of the exposure to toxic substances for the endocrine system of females.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are common in the environment and in everyday products such as cosmetics, plastic food packaging, and medicines. These substances are toxic in small doses (even in the order of micrograms) and enter the body through the skin, digestive or respiratory system. Numerous studies confirm the negative impact of EDCs on living organisms.

Clinical Application of Bioextracts in Supporting the Reproductive System of Animals and Humans: Potential and Limitations.

There is an increasing demand of spices and herbs in developing countries due to the beneficial effects of plants and herbal preparations as medicines. The basic technological process of obtaining extracts from natural raw materials is extraction, consisting in etching with solvents. Plant extracts are extremely complex, multicomponent mixtures obtained from flowers, fruits, leaves, stems, twigs, or seeds of various plant materials.

Detection of chicken DNA in commercial dog foods.

Background: These days the number of potential food allergens is very large, but chicken is one of the most common allergens in dogs. Elimination diet is one of the clinical tools for the diagnosis of allergies and allergy tests are not very reliable. The restriction diet is most commonly carried out by feeding pet foods, relying on the ingredients on the label to select an elimination diet not containing previously eaten foods.

Exosomes - Spectacular role in reproduction.

Exosomes are nano-sized structures that are found in semen, epididymal -fluid, endometrium, as well as in follicular fluid. They are responsible for transporting bioactive cargo- proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have been proven to influence processes in both female and male reproductive systems, including gametogenesis, acrosomal reaction, sperm capacitation, and embryo implantation in the endometrium.

FASN, SCD1 and ANXA9 gene polymorphism as genetic predictors of the fatty acid profile of sheep milk.

In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANXA9 (annexin 9), FASN (fatty acid synthase) and SCD1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) genes were analyzed as factors influencing fatty acid profiles in milk from Zošľachtená valaška sheep. SNP in selected genes was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The long-chain fatty acids profile in sheep milk was identified by gas chromatography.

Disorders of the Reproductive Health of Cattle as a Response to Exposure to Toxic Metals.

The aim of this review is to comprehensively present disorders of the reproductive system in cattle exposed to contact with toxic metals. Toxic metals are a common environmental pollutant and can come from mines, smelters, fossil fuel combustion, or volcanic eruptions. Metals have the ability to bioaccumulate in living organisms, thus contaminating the food chain and may pose a threat to humans.

The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy.

Several decades of improving dairy cattle towards unilateral utilization of dairy cattle led to enormous progress in the field of milk yield; however, it resulted in a number of unfavorable features, such as reproductive disorders, increased calf mortality, and reduced health. Most cases of embryo loss and/or lost pregnancies occur during the first four to five weeks of gestation; accurate detection for pregnancy during this period is likely to contribute to an improvement in gestation rates. A specific protein, interferon-tau (IFNT), stimulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and their expression increases during gestation within 21 days after insemination.

The impact of regular sperm donation on bulls' seminal plasma hormonal profile and phantom response.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the concentration of hormones in the seminal plasma, the bull maintenance system in the insemination station, and the regularity of sperm donation and the response to the phantom (libido level). An additional goal was to determine whether there is a relationship between the hormonal profile in the blood, the sperm plasma, the oxidative and antioxidant profile in the blood of bulls and the biometry of their testicles and scrotum, as well as the quality of their sperm in both different seasons and intensities of reproductive use. For the study, 220 healthy and sexually mature Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls were used.

Antioxidant effect of Elamipretide on bull's sperm cells during freezing/thawing process.

Background: Spermatozoa are subjected to drastic changes in temperature, ice crystal formation, and diverse types of stresses (chemical, physical, osmotic, and oxidative) during the cryopreservation process, which severely compromise sperm quality and fertility. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of Elamipretide in the cryopreservation of bull's spermatozoa.

Materials And Methods: The study included 36 healthy Simmental bulls with an average age of 2 ± 0.

Relationships between Selected Physiological Factors and Milking Parameters for Cows Using a Milking Robot.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the number and stage of lactations, time of day and calving season of cows on milk yield from a single milking, average milking time, average milking per minute, daily milking frequency and the relationship between the tested parameters of quarter milking. The study included a herd of 65 Polish Holstein Friesian black and white cows used in a free-range barn located in south-west Poland. The animals were kept in proper welfare conditions, fed using the partly mixed ration (PMR) method on the feeding table.

The role of environmental optimization for storing bulls' sperm cells.

Artificial insemination has achieved a dynamic increase in genetic progress, and this is due to the improvement of sperm preservation technology. In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to optimizing bull sperm storage environment and objectifying methods of sperm quality analysis. This review presents bull sperm preservation methods and ways to modify their storage environment.

Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Gene on the Nutritional Value of Sheep Milk.

The current research was undertaken to use the genetic potential of animals to obtain high-quality dairy products. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in gene were identified in Zošľachtená valaška sheep using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Correlations between genotypes and milk composition and nutritional value were analysed This study showed that milk from sheep with genotype in the SNP4 locus was characterised by higher ( < 0.

A dependency between PRL gene polymorphism and breeding parameters in Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cows.

The aim of this work was to determine the dependency between polymorphism in the locus g.8398G > A and fertility rates, bodyweight of cows and calves, the course of parturition and viability of calves in Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cattle. Three genotypes (AA, AG, and GG) were identified with a frequency of 0.

Offal Chemical Composition from Veal, Beef, and Lamb Maintained in Organic Production Systems.

The aim of the study is to compare the content of nutrients, including selected macro- and micro-elements, in and offal (liver, heart, kidneys, tongue, brain) derived from animals (calves, beef cattle, and lambs) that are fed and maintained in organic production conditions. The experimental material consisted of 60 animals: 20 calves, 20 beef cattle, and 20 lambs. This research was carried out using Limousin cattle and Ile de France sheep.

Factors Influencing the Popularity of Artificial Insemination of Mares in Europe.

The purpose of this review was to analyze factors affecting the popularity of artificial insemination of mares in Europe in the context of sperm quality. Taking into account the prices of stallion semen on the world market, efficiency is important for the profitability of its use in artificial insemination programs in Europe. To increase the efficiency of a semen insemination facility, it is necessary to correctly and objectively assess the quality of semen.

Relationship between polymorphism in the gene and the traits of body conformation of Salers cows.

The study analyzed three SNP polymorphisms located in exon 2 of the corticotropin-coding genes (rs110167397, rs381116984, rs109244394), later referred to as CRH1, CRH2, CRH3, respectively. The research was conducted in a Salers cattle herd. Identification of genotypes of individual animals was carried out using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Polymorphism in ovine ANXA9 gene and the physio-chemical properties and the fraction of protein in milk.

Background: Annexin A9 (ANXA9) is a specific fatty acid transport protein. The ANXA9 gene is expressed in various tissues, including secretory tissue and the mammary glands. The association between the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ANXA9 gene and sheep's milk composition was assessed.

The change of fatty acids composition of Polish biscuits during storage.

Commercially available Polish biscuits were stored for 10months under different storage conditions i.e. in temperatures of 5°C and 20°C.

[The evolution of opinion on the subject of insulin-like growth factors].

The present review is an attempt to brief summary of the current state of knowledge about insulin like growth factors (IGFs), formerly called somatomedins. The authors describe the fundamentals of the IGF system, explain its basic mechanisms of action. The purpose of this review is to presentation latest findings regarding effect of IGFs on pre-, neo- and postnatal growth and development of organisms.

[Growth hormone signaling pathways].

The substantial improvement in the studies on a very complicated mechanism-- growth hormone signaling in a cell, has been noted in last decade. GH-induced signaling is characterized by activation of several pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the signal transducer and activator of transcription and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3) pathways. This review shows a current model of the growth hormone receptor dimerization, rotation of subunits and JAK2 kinase activation as the initial steps in the cascade of events.