The SQ tree sublingual immunotherapy tablet is effective and well tolerated in children-A pivotal phase III trial.

Background: Allergic rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis (AR/C) induced by tree pollen is common and negatively impacts quality of life in children and adolescents. This phase III trial investigated the efficacy and safety of the SQ tree SLIT-tablet in a paediatric population (5-17 years) with moderate-to-severe AR/C induced by pollen from birch and trees in the birch homologous group.

Methods: Nine hundred and fifty-two subjects were randomized (1:1) to daily treatment with SQ tree SLIT-tablet or placebo for up to 52 weeks and had free access to AR/C symptom-relieving medications.

Age- and Elicitor-Dependent Characterization of Hymenoptera Venom-Induced Anaphylaxis in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Hymenoptera venom is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. Studies from adults indicate the clinical profiles and risk factors of Hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis (VIA). Much less is known about pediatric VIA.

Omalizumab in the treatment of Morbihan syndrome in an adolescent girl - case report and literature review.

Morbihan syndrome (MS) is characterized by solid facial edema, usually related to rosacea or acne vulgaris. The facial edema deforms the patient's features, can impair peripheral vision, and affects quality of life. Its pathophysiology remains unclear.

Atopic dermatitis and gestational age - is there an association between them? A review of the literature and an analysis of pathology.

Introduction: The connection between prematurity and atopic dermatitis (AD) is an intensively investigated topic with existing knowledge gaps. The last review with a meta-analysis in this field was published in 2018. Since then, there have been great advances in the comprehension of AD pathophysiology.

Skin prick tests are not useful for the qualification for venom immunotherapy in children.

Background: The basis for qualification for venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the fulfilment of both the clinical and immunological criteria. Diagnostic tests that confirm the immunological criterion of an IgE-mediated sensitization include skin prick tests (SPT), intradermal tests (IDT), and serum specific IgE (sIgE) for the culprit venom.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the usefulness of SPT as the immunological marker in the diagnosis of insect venom sensitization in children with history of systemic reaction (SR) to insect sting evaluated by means of I-IV-grades Mueller's scale.

Stinging insect identification in children with venom allergy and their parents.

Introduction: The treatment of venom allergy (HVA) is based among others on the proper identification of the culprit insect.

Aim: To assess the accuracy in identifying stinging insects by children with HVA and their parents.

Material And Methods: Participants were recruited from a paediatric medical centre.

Food-Induced Anaphylaxis: Data From the European Anaphylaxis Registry.

Background: Food is one of the most common elicitors of anaphylaxis, with an increasing incidence over recent years.

Objectives: To characterize elicitor-specific phenotypes and identify factors enhancing the risk or severity of food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA).

Methods: We analyzed data from the European Anaphylaxis Registry applying an age- and sex-matched analysis of associations (Cramer's V) for single food triggers and calculated odds ratios (ORs) for severe FIA.

Cow's milk and hen's egg anaphylaxis: A comprehensive data analysis from the European Anaphylaxis Registry.

Background: Cow's milk (CM) and hen's egg (HE) are leading triggers of anaphylaxis in early childhood. The aim of this study was to identify clinical phenotypes and therapeutic measures for CM anaphylaxis (CMA) compared to HE anaphylaxis (HEA) in children up to 12 years of age, based on a large pan-European dataset from the European Anaphylaxis Registry.

Methods: Data from 2007 to 2020 on clinical phenotypes and treatment from 10 European countries, as well as Brazil, were analysed.

Is the clinical manifestation of anaphylaxis in children influenced by the trigger of reaction?

Introduction: The number of anaphylaxis diagnoses in children is rising, being still based on the clinical picture.

Aim: To determine whether triggers of anaphylaxis influence its clinical characteristics in children and adolescents.

Material And Methods: The study group included 114 children (5 months-17 years, mean age: 8.

Current practices in diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy in Poland.

Introduction: Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) is associated with a high risk of anaphylaxis. Effective treatment of HVA patients requires allergologists' familiarity with the latest HVA recommendations.

Aim: Evaluation of current practices in HVA diagnosis in Poland.

Intervention in anaphylaxis: the experience of one paediatric centre based on NORA reports.

Introduction: Intramuscular adrenaline administration is the primary intervention in anaphylaxis.

Aim: To analyse the data on intervention in children admitted due to anaphylaxis to the tertiary paediatric centre and compare them to the data from the Network for Online-Registration of Anaphylaxis.

Material And Methods: A validated structured on-line questionnaire was used to collect data concerning the first and second-line intervention in anaphylaxis.

Peanut-induced anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: Data from the European Anaphylaxis Registry.

Background: Peanut allergy has a rising prevalence in high-income countries, affecting 0.5%-1.4% of children.

Atopic Dermatitis - Current State of Research on Biological Treatment.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common atopic disease in young children and most common skin disease in childhood. In the Polish population, the incidence of AD in the group of children aged 6-14 is about 4% and it is underestimated. The disease is chronic and recurrent, and the leading symptom is skin pruritus that in the mechanism of the vicious circle is accompanied by scratching that causes generalized infections.

Risk Factors and Characteristics of Biphasic Anaphylaxis.

Background: Anaphylaxis is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. However, a biphasic course with the second onset of symptoms can occur hours after the initial phase. Little is known about the causes of biphasic anaphylaxis making the identification of patients at risk difficult.

Refractory Anaphylaxis: Data From the European Anaphylaxis Registry.

Refractory anaphylaxis (unresponsive to treatment with at least two doses of minimum 300 μg adrenaline) is a rare and often fatal hypersensitivity reaction. Comprehensive data on its definition, prevalence, and risk factors are missing. Using the data from the European Anaphylaxis Registry (11,596 cases in total) we identified refractory anaphylaxis cases ( = 42) and analyzed these in comparison to a control group of severe anaphylaxis cases ( = 4,820).

Secondary prevention measures in anaphylaxis patients: Data from the anaphylaxis registry.

Background: Patients with a history of anaphylaxis are at risk of future anaphylactic reactions. Thus, secondary prevention measures are recommended for these patients to prevent or attenuate the next reaction.

Methods: Data from the Anaphylaxis Registry were analyzed to identify secondary prevention measures offered to patients who experienced anaphylaxis.

Venom allergy treatment practices in Poland in comparison to guidelines: next edition of the national audit.

Introduction: Venom immunotherapy treatment (VIT) is the only causal treatment of hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis, which aims to provide long-lasting immunoprotection against severe reactions to subsequent stings.

Aim: To reassess the compliance of VIT procedures in the Polish allergy centres with the European guidelines.

Material And Methods: A structured questionnaire survey conducted in all 33 VIT-centres.

Quality of life in parents of children and adolescents after systemic sting reactions.

Introduction And Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the impact of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) in children and adolescents, on their parents' QoL, taking into account their socio-demographic characteristics.

Material And Methods: The study sample consisted of 101 parents of children and adolescents aged 9-17 years, with a history of systemic reaction after insect sting who were referred for consultations in the tertiary level allergology department. The mean age of the parents was 39 years (SD=8.

Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents after systemic sting reaction.

Introduction And Objectives: Insect stings are the second trigger of anaphylaxis in children and adolescents, causing a potentially life-threatening reactions. Hence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important issue for Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) patients. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of HVA on young patients' HRQoL, including their socio-demographic characteristics.

Hymenoptera sting in the head and neck region is not a risk factor for grade IV systemic reactions in patients with venom allergy.

INTRODUCTION Hymenoptera insect stings (ISs) in the head and neck (H&N) region are commonly considered to be a risk factor for grade IV systemic reactions (SRs) in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). However, clinical data addressing this issue are scarce. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to verify whether ISs in the H&N region were related to a higher risk of grade IV SRs in patients with HVA.

[Chronic cough in children].

Coughing is one of the most common patient complaints at physicians' office. The majority of children experience 5 to 8 episodes of cough lasting about a week throughout the year. Episodes of cough which last longer than 4 weeks, defined as a chronic cough, result in serious parental concern, impaired quality of life, increased number of medical consultations and the adverse effects of inappropriately used medications.

Epinephrine in Severe Allergic Reactions: The European Anaphylaxis Register.

Background: Current guidelines recommend intramuscular administration of epinephrine as the first-line drug for the emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), but no randomized trial evidence supports this consensus.

Objective: We aimed to assess anaphylaxis treatment practices over 10 years, covering several European regions, all allergen sources, and all age groups.

Methods: The European Anaphylaxis Register tracks elicitors, symptoms, emergency treatment, diagnostic workups, and long-term counseling for anaphylaxis incidents through web-based data entry from tertiary allergy specialists, covering information from the emergency respondent, patient, tertiary referral, and laboratory/clinical test results.

New trends in anaphylaxis.

This review presents the current trends in anaphylaxis management discussed at the fourth International Network for Online-Registration of Anaphylaxis (NORA) conference held in Berlin in April 2017. Current data from the anaphylaxis registry show that Hymenoptera venom, foods, and pharmaceutical drugs are still among the most frequent triggers of anaphylaxis. Rare triggers include chicory, cardamom, asparagus, and goji berries.