The role of FDG PET assessment in patients with advanced breast cancer treated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in the second-line setting.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have demonstrated a survival benefit in the second-line treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. However, identifying prognostic biomarkers remains a challenge. Thus, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) performed before CDK4/6 inhibitors initiation.

Sternotomy and extracorporal circulation for fulminant Budd-Chiari syndrome due to leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava.

Background: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare and severe vascular liver disease. We presented patient with fulminant liver failure secondary to leiomyosarcoma of the IVC and thrombosis.

Case Presentation: A 44-year-old female presented with fulminant liver failure secondary to inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis.

Imaging PD-L1 in the brain-Journey from the lab to the clinic.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have proven to restore adaptive anti-tumor immunity in many cancers; however, no noteworthy therapeutic schedule has been established for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). High programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with immunosuppressive and aggressive phenotypes in GBM. Presently, there is no standardized protocol for assessing PD-L1 expression levels to select patients and monitor their response to ICPI therapy.

Polish diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for adrenocortical carcinoma.

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), along with the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic methods, have prompted a team of experts to formulate the first Polish guidelines for managing ACC. This article presents the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations resulting from the discussion of specialists from various medical specialities, who participated in a series of online meetings aimed at developing consistent and effective recommendations under the National Oncology Strategy. These guidelines aim to optimise ACC treatment in Poland through coordinated efforts of multidisciplinary specialist teams, ensuring an effective and modern approach.

Tailoring advanced breast cancer treatment after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors progression - real-world data analysis.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) represent the gold standard of the hormone receptor positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative advanced breast cancer. However, optimal treatment after disease progression is a matter of debate. We aimed to assess predictive and prognostic factors associated with the treatment outcome following CDK4/6i progression.

Determinants of the level of circulating-tumor HPV16 DNA in patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer at the time of diagnosis.

Circulating tumor HPV DNA (ctHPV16) assessed in liquid biopsy may be used as a marker of cancer in patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPV + OPC). Factors influencing the initial ctHPV16 quantity are not well recognized. In this study we aimed to establish what factors are related to the level of ctHPV16 at the time of diagnosis.

Laminar Biomaterial Composite of PVA Cryogel with Amnion as Potential Wound Dressing.

Gel dressings, composed of polymers both natural and synthetic, are successfully used in the treatment of burn wounds. They protect the burn wound site against adverse external factors, ensure an adequate level of tissue hydration, have soothing and pain-relieving properties, and also support the healing process and reduce the risk of pathological scars. Another promising material that can be used in the wound-healing process is an amnion membrane.

Stereotactic Radiotherapy Boost in Treatment of Persistent Periocular Sebaceous Carcinoma after Surgery.

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignancy that should be treated with surgical resection. Nonetheless, a dynamic and aggressive course of the disease may disqualify a patient from this treatment. Applying radiotherapy with the escalation dose using a stereotactic boost is worthy of consideration as a radical treatment.

Results of Primary Treatment and Salvage Treatment in the Management of Patients with Non-Squamous Cell Malignant Tumors of the Sinonasal Region: Single Institution Experience.

Non-squamous cell carcinoma-related malignant sinonasal tract tumors (non-SCC MSTT) are rare and diverse malignancies. In this study, we report our experience in the management of this group of patients. The treatment outcome has been presented, involving both primary treatment and salvage approaches.

The Relationship between Histological Composition and Metabolic Profile in Breast Tumors and Peritumoral Tissue Determined with H HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy.

Breast tumors constitute the complex entities composed of cancer cells and stromal components. The compositional heterogeneity should be taken into account in bulk tissue metabolomics studies. The aim of this work was to find the relation between the histological content and H HR-MAS (high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance) metabolic profiles of the tissue samples excised from the breast tumors and the peritumoral areas in 39 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma.

Prognostic Value of Molecular Intratumor Heterogeneity in Primary Oral Cancer and Its Lymph Node Metastases Assessed by Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Different aspects of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which are associated with the development of cancer and its response to treatment, have postulated prognostic value. Here we searched for potential association between phenotypic ITH analyzed by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and prognosis of head and neck cancer. The study involved tissue specimens resected from 77 patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, including 37 patients where matched samples of primary tumor and synchronous lymph node metastases were analyzed.

Laryngeal chondrosarcoma treated with conventional radiotherapy - case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of a 68-year-old patient with laryngeal chondrosarcoma, whose first symptoms were hoarseness and gradually increasing dyspnoea, but there was no sign of disease in clinical examination, which postponed the diagnosis. The patient underwent complete laryngectomy and adjuvant conformal radiotherapy with a total dose of 70 Gy. The pathological assessment confirmed advanced laryngeal chondrosarcoma originating from thyroid cartilage.

Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms - update of the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours) [Nowotwory neuroendokrynne jelita grubego - uaktualnione zasady diagnostyki i leczenia (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynych)].

Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (CRNEN), especially rectal tumours, are diagnosed with increased frequency due to the widespread use of colonoscopy, including screening examinations. It is important to constantly update and promote the principles of optimal diagnostics and treatment of these neoplasms. Based on the latest literature and arrangements made at the working meeting of the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours (June 2021), this paper includes updated and supplemented data and guidelines for the management of CRNEN originally published in Endokrynologia Polska 2017; 68: 250-260.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the small intestine and the appendix - update of the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours) [Nowotwory neuroendokrynne jelita cienkiego i wyrostka robaczkowego - uaktualnione zasady diagnostyki i leczenia (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynnych)].

Updated Polish recommendations for the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the small intestine (SINENs) and of the appendix (ANENs) are presented here. The small intestine, and especially the ileum, is one of the most common locations for these neoplasms. Most of them are well-differentiated and slow-growing tumours; uncommonly - neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms - update of the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours) [Nowotwory neuroendokrynne trzustki - uaktualnione zasady diagnostyki i leczenia (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynych)].

In this paper, we present the current guidelines for the diagnostics and management of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) developed by Polish experts providing care for these patients in everyday clinical practice. In oncological diagnostics, in addition to biochemical tests, molecular identification with the use of NETest liquid biopsy and circulating microRNAs is gaining importance. Both anatomical and functional examinations (including new radiopharmaceuticals) are used in imaging diagnostics.

Gastroduodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms including gastrinoma - update of the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours) [Nowotwory neuroendokrynne żołądka i dwunastnicy z uwzględnieniem gastrinoma - uaktualnione zasady postępowania (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynnych)].

After another meeting of experts of the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours, updated recommendations for the management of patients with gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms, including gastrinoma, have been issued. As before, the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of these neoplasms have been discussed, as well as the principles of diagnostic procedures, including biochemical and histopathological diagnostics and tumour localisation, highlighting the changes introduced in the recommendations. Updated principles of therapeutic management have also been presented, including endoscopic and surgical treatment, and the options of pharmacological and radioisotope treatment.

Update of the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours) [Aktualizacja zaleceń ogólnych dotyczących postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego w nowotworach neuroendokrynnych układu pokarmowego (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynnych)].

Continuous progress in the diagnostics and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), the emerging results of new clinical trials, and the new guidelines issued by medical societies have prompted experts from the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours to update the 2017 recommendations regarding the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms. This article presents the general recommendations for the management of NENs, resulting from the findings of the experts participating in the Fourth Round Table Conference, entitled "Polish Guidelines for the Diagnostics and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, Żelechów, June 2021". Drawing from the extensive experience of centres treating these cancers, we hope that we have managed to formulate the optimal method of treating patients with NENs, applying the latest reports and achievements in the field of medicine, which can be effectively implemented in our country.

In-bore MR prostate biopsy - initial experience.

Introduction: The introduction of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has been a breakthrough in the diagnosis of noninvasive clinically significant prostate cancer. Currently, MR-guided prostate biopsy (in-bore biopsy) is the only biopsy method that uses real-time MRI in patients with suspected prostate cancer. The aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of the correlation between MRI results and histological findings of prostate samples suspected of malignancy, which were taken during MRI-guided biopsy.

Histopathological Examination of an Explanted Heart in a Long-Term Responder to Cardiac Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (STereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation).

Cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy is an emerging treatment method for recurrent ventricular tachycardia refractory to invasive treatment methods. The single-fraction delivery of 25 Gy was assumed to produce fibrosis, similar to a post-radiofrequency ablation scar. However, the dynamics of clinical response and recent preclinical findings suggest a possible different mechanism.

Assessment of Predictive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Updates.

The management of patients with breast cancer (BC) relies on the assessment of a defined set of well-established prognostic and predictive markers. Despite overlap, prognostic markers are used to assess the risk of recurrence and the likely benefit of systemic therapy, whereas predictive markers are used to determine the type of systemic therapy to be offered to an individual patient. In this review, we provide an update and present some challenges in the assessment of the main BC-specific molecular predictive markers, namely hormone receptors (oestrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and KI67.

High-dose stereotactic radiotherapy boost in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region.

Background: Surgical resection with adjuvant concurrent radiochemotherapy is the standard of care for stage III-IV oral cavity cancer. In some cases, the dynamic course of the disease is out of the prepared schedule of treatment. In that event, a stereotactic radiosurgery boost might be the only chance for disease control.

The role of thyroid sonographic malignancy risk features when the fine needle aspiration biopsy result is indeterminate.

Introduction: Although the role of the thyroid ultrasound is well established in the initial thyroid nodule work up, it is still equivocal whether the thyroid ultrasound pattern could have an impact on refining malignancy risk after an indeterminate cytopathology result. We aim to assess the possible supportive role of the thyroid nodule ultrasound malignancy risk features listed in the Polish guidelines when a biopsy result is indeterminate.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed thyroid ultrasound scans from 175 adult patients with thyroid nodules and indeterminate cytopathology results, who underwent thyroid surgery.

Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in adult patients - Recommendations of Polish Scientific Societies and the National Oncological Strategy. 2022 Update [Diagnostyka i leczenie raka tarczycy u chorych dorosłych - Rekomendacje Polskich Towarzystw Naukowych oraz Narodowej Strategii Onkologicznej. Aktualizacja na rok 2022].

The guidelines Thyroid Cancer 2022 are prepared based on previous Polish recommendations updated in 2018. They consider international guidelines - American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015 and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN); however, they are adapted according to the ADAPTE process. The strength of the recommendations and the quality of the scientific evidence are assessed according to the GRADE system and the ATA 2015 and NCCN recommendations.