Evaluation of the effect of roasting and digestion on biological activity of compounds of coffee extracts - in vitro assessment of the bioavailability, cytoprotective properties and modulation of inflammatory response.

Coffee is the most consumed beverage in the world. Consumption of phenolic compounds present in coffee protects the body against oxidative stress generation, inflammatory response, and cancer development. The aim of the study was evaluation of biological activity of coffee extracts (obtained from green, as well as light and dark roasted Robusta and Arabica beans) and isolated fractions on human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells, which are used as a cellular model of intestinal barrier in bioavailability studies.

Vegan and Vegetarian Soups Are Excellent Sources of Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

Background: The cholinesterase theory stands as the most popular worldwide therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the absence of a cure for AD, a plant-based diet has been repeatedly shown as positive in the prevention of AD, including exploring ready-made products in stores and the development of new functional foods.

Goal: This study compared the anti-acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activity of thirty-two Polish market soups and five newly formulated soups intended to be functional.

Research on Application of Japanese Quince ( L.) and Pork Collagen in Dark Chocolate-Benefits in Prevention of Inflammation In Vitro Model.

In the present study, the effect of the addition of quince and collagen type I and III to dessert chocolate on its functional properties was determined. The study evaluated the antioxidant potential of the tested formulations using the FRAP method and the linoleic acid oxidation test and beta-carotene bleaching test. The tested samples were also evaluated for inhibitory activity against enzymes important in preventive health (inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders) namely: AChE, BChE, GR, GPx, COX, and SOD.

The interactions of pectin with TiO nanoparticles measured by FT-IR are confirmed in a model of the gastrointestinal tract.

The presence of nanoparticle fractions (<100 nm, NPs) in the food additive TiO (E171) rises concerns about its potential harmful impact on human health. The knowledge about the interaction of TiO NPs with food components is limited to proteins or polyphenols. The present paper is the first to report on interactions between TiO NPs and high molecular pectins that form gels in boluses and are remain nearly intact during digestion until they reach the colon.

Studies on the Effects of Fermentation on the Phenolic Profile and Biological Activity of Three Cultivars of Kale.

Fermentation is used not only to preserve food but also to enhance its beneficial effects on human health and achieve functional foods. This study aimed to investigate how different treatments (spontaneous fermentation or fermentation with the use of starter culture) affect phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and cholinesterase inhibitory activity in different kale cultivars: 'Halbhoner Grüner Krauser', 'Scarlet', and 'Nero di Toscana'. Chosen samples were further tested for their protective potential against the Caco-2 cell line.

Plant Soup Formulations Show Cholinesterase Inhibition Potential in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: As the cholinesterase theory is a prominent hypothesis underlying our current understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the goal of this study was to compose functional vegan lunchtime soups with potential health benefits in the prevention of AD (in the context of cholinesterase inhibition).

Materials And Methods: The potential of 36 edible plant raw materials in terms of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition was investigated using a 96-well microplate reader. The most promising ingredients were combined to obtain 18 palatable vegetable soup recipes with 6 dominant flavor, appearance, and aroma variants.

Polyphenols Influence the Development of Endometrial Cancer by Modulating the Gut Microbiota.

Dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract can induce the development of gynaecological tumours, particularly in postmenopausal women, by causing DNA damage and alterations in metabolite metabolism. Dysbiosis also complicates cancer treatment by influencing the body's immune response and disrupting the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain homeostasis in the gut microbiota through the effective use of food components that affect its structure.

Pleiotropic Potential of Extracts and Their Main Compounds Evernic Acid and Atranorin: In Vitro and In Silico Studies.

is a lichen widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Its biological properties still need to be discovered. Therefore, our paper focuses on studies of extracts, including its main metabolites evernic acid (EA) or atranorin (ATR).

Curcuminoid Chalcones: Synthesis, Stability, and New Neuroprotective and Sonosensitising Activities.

The primary purpose of this work was to design and obtain a series of curcuminoid chalcone-NSAID hybrid derivatives. The ester-type hybrid compounds with ibuprofen (), ketoprofen (), and naproxen () were obtained in two ways, using the Claisen-Schmidt reaction and the Steglich esterification reaction. The designed molecules were successfully synthesised, and FT-IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopy confirmed their structures.

Effect of Inhibiting Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Using Fractionated Coffee Extracts Digested In Vitro in Gastrointestinal Tract: Docking Simulation and Calorimetric and Studies.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a major enzyme from the alpha-glycoprotein family that catalyzes the hydrolysis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), lowering the concentration of ACh in the nervous system, which could cause aggravation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In select pathological conditions, it is beneficial to reduce the activity of this enzyme. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of BChE inhibition by coffee extracts fractionated into mono- and diesters of caffeic acid/caffeine, digested in vitro in the gastrointestinal tract.

Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols-Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders.

Depressive disorders can affect up to 350 million people worldwide, and in developed countries, the percentage of patients with depressive disorders may be as high as 10%. During depression, activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased markers of oxidative stress, and a reduction in the antioxidant effectiveness of the body are observed. It is estimated that approximately 30% of depressed patients do not respond to traditional pharmacological treatments.

The life cycle study revealed distinct impact of foliar-applied nano-Cu on antioxidant traits of barley grain comparing with conventional agents.

Despite that the applicability of Cu-based engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) as an antibacterial and antifungal agent for plant protection has been studied widely, little is known about their role in the improvement of crop yield and quality. Here, a full life study was performed to investigate the nutritional quality and bioactivity of barley grains under foliar application of nano-/microparticulate (nano-Cu, nano-CuO, micro-Cu) and ionic Cu compounds (CuSO, CuEDTA). Hordeum vulgaris L.

Is Caperatic Acid the Only Compound Responsible for Activity of Lichen within the Nervous System?

Lichens are a source of various biologically active compounds. However, the knowledge about them is still scarce, and their use in medicine is limited. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of the lichen and its major metabolite caperatic acid in regard to their potential application in the treatment of central nervous system diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours, such as glioblastoma.

Can Bioactive Compounds in Beetroot/Carrot Juice Have a Neuroprotective Effect? Morphological Studies of Neurons Immunoreactive to Calretinin of the Rat Hippocampus after Exposure to Cadmium.

Cadmium ions (Cd) penetrate the blood-brain barrier and can, among other effects, influence intracellular calcium metabolism, leading to neurodegeneration. In the presented work, we estimated the effect of Cd on the expression of calretinin in the neurons of the rat hippocampus and analyzed the reverse effect of freshly pressed beetroot/carrot juice in this context. In the 12-week lasting experiment, 32 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8): the control group (C) received pure tap water; the Cd group (Cd)-received Cd dissolved in tap water (5 mg Cd/kg b.

Smoothies Reduce the "Bioaccessibility" of TiO (E 171) in the Model of the In Vitro Gastrointestinal Tract.

The food colorant E171 (TiO) containing nano fractions can cause potential health problems. In the presented work, we used a "gastrointestinal tract" model (oral→large intestine) to "digest" a fruit smoothie in the presence of TiO nanoparticles and the B strain. The TiO migration was measured using the microfiltration membrane (0.

Honeys as Possible Sources of Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by low levels of the neurotransmitter (acetylcholine), oxidative stress, and inflammation of the central nervous system. The only currently available form of treatment entails the administration of AChE/BChE (acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase) inhibitors to patients diagnosed with the disease. However, AD prevention is possible by administering the correct inhibitors with food.

Digestion of plastics using in vitro human gastrointestinal tract and their potential to adsorb emerging organic pollutants.

Excessive plastic use has inevitably led to its consumption by organisms, including humans. It is estimated that humans consume 20 kg of plastic during their lifetime. The presence of microplastics in the human body can carry serious health risks, such as biological reactions e.

Bioaccessibility of coffee bean hydroxycinnamic acids during in vitro digestion influenced by the degree of roasting and activity of intestinal probiotic bacteria, and their activity in Caco-2 and HT29 cells.

In coffee beans, especially roasted, a significant part of hydroxycinnamic acid (HCAs) and their esters chlorogenic acids (CHAs) is attached to melanoidins through both covalent and non-covalent bonds. Bound and, to a greater extent, unbound HCAs, including those released from the polymerized material during digestion, can be pivotal in preventing of many chronic civilization diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of free CHAs and those released from coffee extracts during in vitro digestion in various sections of the gastrointestinal tract, in the presence and absence of probiotic bacteria.

The Distribution of Glucosinolates in Different Phenotypes of and Their Role as Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors-In Silico and In Vitro Studies.

The aim of the study was to present the fingerprint of different tuber extracts showing glucosinolates-containing substances possibly playing an important role in preventinting dementia and other memory disorders. Different phenotypes of (Brassicaceae) tubers were analysed for their glucosinolate profile using a liquid chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS platform). Qualitative analysis in 50% ethanolic extracts confirmed the presence of ten compounds: aliphatic, indolyl, and aromatic glucosinolates, with glucotropaeolin being the leading one, detected at levels between 0-1.

A review of research on the impact of E171/TiO NPs on the digestive tract.

Nanotechnology utilises particles of between 1 and 100 nm in size. In recent years, it has enjoyed widespread application in a variety of areas. However, this has also raised increasing concerns regarding the effects that the use of nanoparticles may have on human health.

Biological Activity of an L. (Fireweed) Infusion after In Vitro Digestion.

The biological activity of an in vitro digested infusion of (fireweed) was examined in a model system of intestinal epithelial and colon cancer tissues. The content of selected phenolic compounds in the digested aqueous extract of fireweed was determined using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Biological activity was examined using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines HT-29 and CaCo-2 and the human colon epithelial cell line CCD 841 CoTr.

Lichen-Derived Compounds and Extracts as Biologically Active Substances with Anticancer and Neuroprotective Properties.

Lichens are a source of chemical compounds with valuable biological properties, structurally predisposed to penetration into the central nervous system (CNS). Hence, our research aimed to examine the biological potential of lipophilic extracts of , , , and their major secondary metabolites, in the context of searching for new therapies for CNS diseases, mainly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The extracts selected for the study were standardized for their content of salazinic acid, evernic acid, and (-)-usnic acid, respectively.

Blackberry Leaves as New Functional Food? Screening Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Microbiological Activities in Correlation with Phytochemical Analysis.

Blackberry fruits are recognized as functional foods while blackberry leaves are outside this classification and they also contain active compounds with health-promoting potential. Therefore, the aim of this study was the phytochemical analysis of blackberry leaves of varieties (Chester, Loch Ness, Loch Tay and Ruczaj) and screening of their biological activity (antioxidant potential, possibility of inhibition of enzymes, anti-inflammatory and microbial activity). The following compounds from selected groups: phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid), flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol) and their glycosides (rutin, isoquercetin, hyperoside) and flavon-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin) were chromatographically determined in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts.

Cyclodextrin as Functional Carrier in Development of Mucoadhesive Tablets Containing Extract with Potential for Dental Applications.

root is a resveratrol-rich source with anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and neuroprotective effects. The raw material was standardized for the content of resveratrol, for which there is a special justification for administration within the oral mucosa. To improve the solubility of resveratrol and to assure its high content in plant material, an ultrasound-assisted extraction method was applied.