An SBM and TBSS Analysis in Early-stage Patients With Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementias, and Corticobasal Syndrome.

Objective: To compare gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementias (LBD), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Surface-based morphometry (SBM) was assessed on 3D T1-weighted images using FreeSurfer image analysis and WM microstructure was studied using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) in 12 AD, 15 LBD, 10 CBS patients, and 10 HC.

Results: Patients with AD, compared with HC, exhibited reduced cortical surface area and volume in the superior frontal, middle frontal, and medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Friv. (Asteraceae) and Main Compounds' Effects on a Glioblastoma Cellular Model.

This study aims at the isolation and structural determination of the secondary metabolites of the herbaceous perennial plant Friv. (Asteraceae). The examination of the non-volatile content of the leaves and flowers of afforded the isolation of sixteen secondary metabolites.

Intraoperative Flow Cytometry for the Evaluation of Meningioma Grade.

Meningiomas are the most frequent central nervous system tumors in adults. The majority of these tumors are benign. Nevertheless, the intraoperative identification of meningioma grade is important for modifying surgical strategy in order to reduce postoperative complications.

Siderol Inhibits Proliferation of Glioblastoma Cells and Acts Synergistically with Temozolomide.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor in adults with dismal prognosis. Currently, the therapeutic interventions include gross total resection, when possible, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, despite treatment, tumor usually recurs within 7-9 months.

Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Using Intraoperative Flow Cytometry (iFC) Protocol, Optimized for Head and Neck Lesions, as a Means for Tumor Margin Evaluation - a Case Presentation.

We present the case of a patient with a Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the left preauricular area. A 84-year-old Greek man was examined at the outpatient ENT Department of our clinic with a lesion in the preauricular area that had appeared four months ago. The patient history included antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic therapy as well as treatment for dementia.

An NF-κB- and Therapy-Related Regulatory Network in Glioma: A Potential Mechanism of Action for Natural Antiglioma Agents.

High-grade gliomas are among the most aggressive malignancies, with significantly low median survival. Recent experimental research in the field has highlighted the importance of natural substances as possible antiglioma agents, also known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. We have previously shown that natural substances target several surface cluster of differentiation (CD) markers in glioma cells, as part of their mechanism of action.

Curcumin and Radiotherapy Exert Synergistic Anti-Glioma Effect In Vitro.

Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol, is known to have anticancer properties. In this study, the effectiveness of curcumin pretreatment as a strategy for radio-sensitizing glioblastoma cell lines was explored. For this, U87 and T98 cells were treated with curcumin, exposed to 2 Gy or 4 Gy of irradiation, and the combined effect was compared to the antiproliferative effect of each agent when given individually.

The Past, Present and Future of Flow Cytometry in Central Nervous System Malignancies.

Central nervous system malignancies (CNSMs) are categorized among the most aggressive and deadly types of cancer. The low median survival in patients with CNSMs is partly explained by the objective difficulties of brain surgeries as well as by the acquired chemoresistance of CNSM cells. Flow Cytometry is an analytical technique with the ability to quantify cell phenotype and to categorize cell populations on the basis of their characteristics.

Haloperidol Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells.

Although several antipsychotic drugs have been shown to possess anticancer activities, haloperidol, a "first-generation" antipsychotic drug, has not been extensively evaluated for potential antineoplastic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumoral effects of haloperidol in glioblastoma (GBM) U87, U251 and T98 cell lines, and the effects of combined treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) and/or radiotherapy, using 4 Gy of irradiation. The viability and proliferation of the cells were evaluated with trypan blue exclusion assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Past, Present and Future of Flow Cytometry in Breast Cancer - A Systematic Review.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. In this systematic review 28 studies were taken into account, in order to evaluate the role of DNA content and cell cycle phases, measured by flow cytometry in breast cancer. Presence of aneuploidy and S-phase fraction have been extensively studied as a prognostication tool.

Deglucohellebrin: A Potent Agent for Glioblastoma Treatment.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with a dismal prognosis. To date, several anticancer agents have been isolated from plants. Helleborus odorus subsp.

Combination treatment for glioblastoma with temozolomide, DFMO and radiation.

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor with dismal prognosis. This tumor is characterized by extensive heterogeneity, thus is difficult to treat and every established or new treatment faces significant hazard of resistance. Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating agent, is the first-line treatment for GBM, but resistance to TMZ is a major problem.

Antiproliferative and cytotoxic action of N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin in lung cancer cells.

Purpose: Lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related cases and cancer-associated deaths. Tumor cells frequently acquire chemoresistance and, due to that, new therapies are always needed in the fight against cancer. Pharmaceutical plants continue to offer novel compounds as anticancer therapies.

N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women. Breast cancer cells may develop resistance to current chemotherapy, thus new chemotherapeutic agents are urgently needed.

Methods: A major number of drugs with anticancer activity have been isolated from plants.

Moschamine inhibits proliferation of glioblastoma cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months. Moschamine is an indole alkaloid that has a serotoninergic and cyclooxygenase inhibitory effect. In this study, we sought to determine whether moschamine could exert cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on glioma cells in vitro.

N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin inhibits glioblastoma cells growth through triggering S-phase arrest and apoptosis.

Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months. N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin (CS) is an indole alkaloid with antioxidant, cardioprotective effects after ischemia and antitumor activity. In the present study we sought to determine whether could exert cytotoxic and cytostatic effects in glioma cells in vitro.

Tc-Tetrofosmin Uptake Correlates with the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cell Lines to Temozolomide.

Tc-tetrofosmin (Tc-TF) is a single-photon emission computed tomography tracer that has been used for brain tumor imaging. The aim of the study was to assess if Tc-TF uptake by glioblastoma cells correlates with their response to temozolomide (TMZ). We investigated the correlation of TMZ antitumor effect with the Tc-TF uptake in two glioblastoma cell lines.

Deferiprone Enhances Temozolomide Cytotoxicity in Glioma Cells.

Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard of care for these patients. Iron chelators have been shown to have anti-tumor activity; however, deferiprone (DFP), an orally administered iron chelator, has not been previously evaluated in gliomas.

Combination treatment of TRAIL, DFMO and radiation for malignant glioma cells.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has shown potent and cancer-selective killing activity and drawn considerable attention as a promising therapy for cancer. Another promising cancer therapy is difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, which is oraly administered and well tolerated. Nevertheless, many types of cancer, including gliomas, have exhibited resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and similarly the potency of DFMO should be enhanced to optimize therapeutic efficacy.

Comparison of (99m)tc-tetrofosmin and (99m)tc-sestamibi uptake in glioma cell lines: the role of p-glycoprotein expression.

(99m)Tc-Tetrofosmin ((99m)Tc-TF) and (99m)Tc-Sestamibi ((99m)Tc-MIBI) are SPECT tracers that have been used for brain tumor imaging. Tumor's multidrug resistance phenotype, namely, P-glycoprotein (p-gp), and the multidrug resistance related proteins (MRPs) expression have been suggested to influence both tracers' uptake. In the present study we set out to compare (99m)Tc-TF and (99m)Tc-MIBI uptake in high-grade glioma cell lines and to investigate the influence of gliomas p-gp expression on both tracers' uptake.

Combination treatment for glioblastoma cells with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and oncolytic adenovirus delta-24.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) exhibits cancer-selective killing activity representing a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy. Adenovirus Delta-24 is another interested anticancer agent selectively killing cells with a defective p16/Rb/E2F pathway. However, many types of cancer, including gliomas, could develop resistance to Delta-24 or TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

DNA content is associated with malignancy of intracranial neoplasms.

Objective: Flow cytometry has been applied to analyze the DNA-content distribution of tumors, in order to relate this to clinical and biological parameters of tumor behavior. Herewith, we investigated the value of cell cycle analysis in the characterization of intracranial lesions and its possible prognostic role.

Methods: DNA analysis was performed in tumor samples that were taken during surgery over a five year period.