A comparison of measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate in successfully treated HIV-patients with preserved renal function.

Background: Monitoring of renal function becomes increasingly important in the aging population of HIV-1 infected patients. We compared Cockroft & Gault (C&G), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Cystatin C- and 24 h urine-based estimated GFR (eGFR) with the gold standard, measured GFR (mGFR) using [125I]-iothalamate.

Methods: Substudy within a randomized, multinational trial comparing continuing zidovudine/ lamivudine with switching to tenofovir/ emtricitabine in patients with suppressed HIV-1 infection.

Persistent decline in estimated but not measured glomerular filtration rate on tenofovir may reflect tubular rather than glomerular toxicity.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been associated with proximal renal tubulopathy and reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), without accounting for the tubular secretion of creatinine.

Methods: A substudy was performed among 19 participants of a randomized 48-week trial, comparing continuing first-line zidovudine/lamivudine (ZDV/3TC) with switching to TDF/emtricitabine (FTC). GFR was measured with [(125)I]-iothalamate (mGFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) with [(131)I]-hippuran.

Transient lowering of the viral set point after temporary antiretroviral therapy of primary HIV type 1 infection.

Whether temporary antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection (PHI) lowers the viral set point or affects the subsequent CD4 count decline remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to analyze the clinical, viral, and immunological effects of temporary early HAART during PHI. This is a cohort study of patients with laboratory evidence of PHI.

HIV-1 viral rebound dynamics after a single treatment interruption depends on time of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: An important pending question is whether temporary highly active antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV infection can influence viral rebound dynamics and the subsequently established viral setpoint, through preservation and enhancement of HIV-1-specific immune responses, or through other mechanisms.

Methods: We included all patients from two prospective studies who underwent a single treatment interruption while being well suppressed on highly active antiretroviral therapy. One group started highly active antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV infection, and the other group started it during chronic HIV infection with CD4 cell counts above 350 cells/microl.

Pharmacokinetics and short-term efficacy of a double-boosted protease inhibitor regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults.

Objectives: To study the pharmacokinetics and short-term efficacy of low and standard dose lopinavir/ritonavir and saquinavir combinations in Thai, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected, treatment-naive patients.

Methods: In this open-label, 24-week, prospective study, 48 treatment-naive patients were randomized to lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg+saquinavir 1000 mg twice daily (arm A), lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg+saquinavir 600 mg twice daily (arm B), lopinavir/ritonavir 266/66 mg+saquinavir 1000 mg twice daily (arm C), or lopinavir/ritonavir 266/66 mg+saquinavir 600 mg twice daily (arm D). A 12 h.