Development of a Lignin-Based Carrier - Citronella Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Utilization as an Herbicide against Specific Weed Species.

This research aims to create an emulsion formulation utilizing lignin as a carrier and citronella oil for its application as a herbicide. The formulation composition includes lignin solution 55-62 %v/v, Tween 80 25 %w/v, propylene glycol 10 %w/v, and citronella oil 3-10 %w/v. The preparation steps involve preparing the oil phase by mixing tween 80 surfactant, propylene glycol, and citronella oil; preparing the aqueous phase by mixing lignin into distilled water at pH 12 with stirring; mixing the oil phase and the water phase accompanied by stirring at 5000-10000 rpm for 1-5 minutes until a stable solution is formed as a natural herbicide.