Modeling of the phase transition inside graphene nanobubbles filled with ethane.

Graphene nanobubbles consist of a substance that is trapped between graphene sheets and atomically flat substrates. This substance is an example of confinement in which both the bulk and surface interactions and the tension of the graphene determine the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the system. The van der Waals pressure build up due to the graphene-substrate attraction and surface influence facilitates the advanced condensation of trapped substances.

Liquid-gas phase transition of Ar inside graphene nanobubbles on the graphite substrate.

Graphene nanobubbles (GNBs) are formed when a substance is trapped between a graphene sheet (a 2D crystal) and an atomically flat substrate. The physical state of the substance inside GNBs can vary from the gas phase to crystal clusters. In this paper, we present a theoretical description of the gas-liquid phase transition of argon inside GNBs.

Atomistic study of the solid state inside graphene nanobubbles.

A two-dimensional (2D) material placed on an atomically flat substrate can lead to the formation of surface nanobubbles trapping different types of substances. In this paper graphene nanobubbles of the radius of 7-34 nm with argon atoms inside are studied using molecular dynamics (MD). All modeled graphene nanobubbles except for the smallest ones exhibit an universal shape, i.