Five-year trends in epidemiology and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, St. Petersburg, Russia: results from perinatal HIV surveillance.

Background: The HIV epidemic in Russia has increasingly involved reproductive-aged women, which may increase perinatal HIV transmission.

Methods: Standard HIV case-reporting and enhanced perinatal HIV surveillance systems were used for prospective assessment of HIV-infected women giving birth in St. Petersburg, Russia, during 2004-2008.

Rapid HIV testing and prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in high-risk maternity hospitals in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing (RT) program.

Study Design: From April 13, 2004, to April 13, 2005, pregnant women at 2 high-risk maternity hospitals with no or incomplete HIV testing results (negative tests at <34 weeks, none thereafter) were offered point-of-care RT, with antiretroviral prophylaxis for RT-positive women and their infants.

Results: Overall, 89.