Proximal tibial replacement with megaprosthesis in the setting of proximal tibial nonunion: A case report.

Background: Fracture nonunion is a major concern among an orthopaedic patient population, especially in those who have sustained traumatic fractures involving the tibia. Strong risk factors for nonunion include age, smoking history, and a poor diet. The incidence of nonunion also increases with each additional failed surgical intervention.

Bone Transport Treatment of Osteomyelitis Due to Thermal Osteonecrosis After IM Nailing of Tibial Stress Fracture Nonunion: A Case Report.

Case: We present a case of a female athlete who sustained a nonunion of a tibial stress fracture and was treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN). The patient developed osteomyelitis likely secondary to a thermal osteonecrosis during the index procedure and required resection of the necrotic tibia and bone transport using the Ilizarov technique.

Conclusions: The authors believe that all actions should be taken to avoid thermal osteonecrosis during reaming for tibial IMN, especially in patients with a small medullary canal.

A Survey of High- and Low-Energy Acetabular Fractures in Elderly Patients.

Introduction: Geriatric patients represent 14% of acetabular fractures and are the fastest growing subset of patients affected by this injury in the US. Treatment outcomes have been reported as inferior to those achieved in younger patients after high-energy (HE) acetabular trauma. This study aimed to compare detailed demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes in elderly patients (≥65 years of age) treated in a tertiary North American trauma center for acetabular fractures after both high- and low-energy mechanisms of injury.

The Pelvic Bridge: A Subcutaneous Approach for Anterior Pelvic Fixation.

Introduction: An alternative method to external fixation for the treatment of unstable anterior pelvic ring injuries, termed the pelvic bridge technique, provides equivalent results with fewer complications and is performed using occipital cervical rods subcutaneously, with fixation into the iliac wings and parasymphyseal bone.

Step 1 Preoperative Planning: For preoperative planning, review the appropriate imaging, including radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans, to mesh the findings on imaging to the clinical picture of the patient and ensure that the patient meets operative criteria and that none of the contraindications are present.

Step 2 Patient Positioning: Position the patient to facilitate anterior and posterior fixation.

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of a Middle-Third Clavicle Fracture with a Superior Plate.

Open reduction and internal fixation has become a reliable technique to treat complex middle-third clavicle fractures (AO/OTA B-15). Nonoperative treatment of these fractures may result in higher rates of symptomatic malunion, nonunion, dissatisfaction with cosmetic appearance, and even dysfunction and muscular weakness. Risk factors such as substantial displacement or comminution, far lateral fractures, fractures in the elderly, open fractures, or those occurring in polytrauma scenarios are appropriate indications for surgery.

Minimally-invasive fixation for anterior pelvic ring disruptions.

Pelvic fractures are usually the result of high-energy trauma. In addition to the underlying disruption of the pelvic ring extensive damage to the surrounding soft tissue envelope might be present. Different fixation techniques have been developed including open plating, external fixation and transramus intraosseous screw fixation.

A biomechanical analysis of a single-row suture anchor fixation of a large bony bankart lesion.

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess whether a single-row suture anchor repair of a bony Bankart lesion comprising 19% of the glenoid length restores peak translational force and glenoid depth compared with the intact shoulder.

Methods: Nine thawed adult cadaveric shoulders were dissected and mounted in 45° of abduction and 30° of external rotation. A bony Bankart lesion was simulated with an anterior longitudinal osteotomy, parallel to the superoinferior axis of the glenoid, equivalent to 19% of the glenoid length.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of bifunctional thyrointegrin inhibitors: new anti-angiogenesis analogs.

Context: Inhibition of pathological angiogenesis.

Objective: Obtaining new transactivator, bifunctional, thyroid antagonist, non-toxic anti-angiogenic compounds.

Materials And Methods: In silico drug design, synthesis in bulk and biological evaluation in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.

Semisynthesis and pharmacological activities of thyroxine analogs: Development of new angiogenesis modulators.

Novel thyroxine analogs with hindered phenol, amino and carboxylic acid groups have been synthesized and the effects of the synthesized compounds on angiogenesis using the chick chorioallantoic membrane and mouse matrigel models have been tested. Pharmacological profiles revealed that thyroxine tolerates numerous modifications on the amino group and remains active. These results provide the rationale for the selection of a novel thyroxine nanoparticle precursor.

Dual targeting of the antagonistic pathways mediated by Sirt1 and TXNIP as a putative approach to enhance the efficacy of anti-aging interventions.

The organism's ability to regulate oxidative stress and metabolism is well recognized as a major determinant of longevity. While much research interest in this area is directed towards the study of genes that inhibit oxidative stress and/or improve metabolism, contribution to the aging process of genes with antagonistic effects on these two pathways is still less understood. The present study investigated the respective roles of the histone deacetylase Sirt1 and the thioredoxin binding protein TXNIP, two genes with opposite effects on oxidative stress and metabolism, in mediating the action of putative anti-aging interventions.

Tetraiodothyroacetic acid and tetraiodothyroacetic acid nanoparticle effectively inhibit the growth of human follicular thyroid cell carcinoma.

Background: Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is a deaminated analogue of L-thyroxine that blocks the actions of L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine at the cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone on integrin alpha v beta 3. Tetrac blocks the proliferative effects of thyroid hormone on tumor cells and the proangiogenesis actions of the hormone. In the absence of thyroid hormone, tetrac also blocks angiogenesis induced by various growth factors.

Potent pleiotropic anti-angiogenic effects of TM601, a synthetic chlorotoxin peptide.

Unlabelled: Chemically synthesized chlorotoxin (TM601) has been studied as a tumor targeting peptide. In this study, the anti-angiogenic properties of TM601 are reported.

Materials And Methods: In vitro and in vivo models of angiogenesis and tumor growth were used to characterize the anti-angiogenic effects of TM601.

The anti-angiogenic activity of NSITC, a specific cathepsin L inhibitor.

Increased neovasculature and resistance to chemotherapy are hallmarks of aggressive cancer; therefore, the development of approaches to simultaneously inhibit these two processes is highly desirable. Previous findings from our laboratory have demonstrated that cathepsin L plays a key role in the development of drug resistance in cancer, and that its inhibition reversed this phenomenon. The goal of the present study was to determine whether targeting cathepsin L would inhibit angiogenesis.

Gold and silver nanoparticles conjugated with heparin derivative possess anti-angiogenesis properties.

Silver and gold nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties that have been extensively studied for biological and medical applications. Typically, gold and silver nanoparticles are prepared by chemical reductants that utilize excess toxic reactants, which need to be removed for biological purposes. We utilized a clean method involving a single synthetic step to prepare metal nanoparticles for evaluating potential effects on angiogenesis modulation.

Stress resistant human embryonic stem cells as a potential source for the identification of novel cancer stem cell markers.

Cancer stem cells are known for their inherent resistance to therapy. Here we investigated whether normal stem cells with acquired resistance to stress can be used to identify novel markers of cancer stem cells. For this, we generated a human embryonic stem cell line resistant to Trichostatin A and analyzed changes in its gene expression.

Semisynthesis and pharmacological activities of Tetrac analogs: angiogenesis modulators.

Novel Tetrac analogs were synthesized and then tested. Anti-angiogenesis efficacy was carried out using the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) model and the mouse matrigel model for angiogenesis. Pharmacological activities showed Tetrac can accommodate numerous modifications and maintain anti-angiogenesis activity.

Tetraiodothyroacetic acid, a small molecule integrin ligand, blocks angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor.

Thyroid hormone has been recently shown to induce tumor growth and angiogenesis via a plasma-membrane hormone receptor on integrin alphaVbeta3. The receptor is at or near the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) recognition site on the integrin that is important to extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and vascular growth factor interactions with the integrin. In the present study, we examined the possibility that tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a deaminated, non-agonist thyroid hormone analog that binds to the integrin receptor, may modulate vascular growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the absence of thyroid hormone.