The triglyceride-glucose index as an indicator of latent atherogenicity of the plasma lipid profile in healthy men with normolipidaemia.

Objectives: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel diagnostic marker for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the association of the TyG index with plasma atherogenicity, especially with its latent forms. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the use of the TyG index as a marker of atherogenic risk.

The Prevalence of Low Energy Availability in Cross-Country Skiers during the Annual Cycle.

Background And Objectives: A sustained mismatch between energy intake (EI) and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) can lead to Low Energy Availability (LEA), as well as health and performance impairments characteristic of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Research in females has identified specific LEA cut-points for the risks of developing physiological and performance disturbances. Cut-points in males have yet to be evaluated; therefore, this study examined the prevalence of LEA in highly trained male cross-country skiers.

Cardiac repolarisation indices are associated with oxygen consumption during maximal exercise test in highly-trained cross-country skiers.

The objective of this study was to test the vectorelectrocardiographic T-wave characteristics for their associations with oxygen consumption (VO) and physical performance during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in highly trained cross-country skiers. Male highly trained cross-country skiers ( = 30) performed the maximal CPET on the bicycle ergospirometric "Oxycon Pro" system with simultaneous oxygen consumption (VO) and electrocardiogram recording. The measurements were done at rest; the stage preceding anaerobic threshold (preAnT); peak load; and recovery.

n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Stable Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Highly Trained Athletes.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between levels of n-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the plasma of athletes.

Methods: Highly trained cross-country skiers (males, = 39) were examined. The fatty acid profile of the total plasma lipids was determined by gas chromatography.

Fatty liver index (FLI): more than a marker of hepatic steatosis.

Fatty liver index (FLI) was developed as a simple and accurate marker of hepatic steatosis. FLI is derived from an algorithm based on body mass index, waist circumference, and levels of triglycerides and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and it is widely used in clinical and epidemiological studies as a screening tool for discriminating between healthy and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects. However, a systematic review of the literature regarding FLI revealed that this index has more extensive relationships with biochemical and physiological parameters.

Lactate thresholds and role of nitric oxide in male rats performing a test with forced swimming to exhaustion.

The present study assessed a complex of biochemical parameters at the anaerobic threshold (AT) in untrained male Wistar rats with different times to exhaustion (T ) from swimming. The first group of rats was randomly divided into six subgroups and subjected to a swimming test to exhaustion without a load or with a load of 2%-10% of body weight (BW). In the first group, we established that for untrained rats, the load of 4% BW in the swimming to exhaustion test was optimal for endurance assessment in comparison with other loads.

Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with metabolic disturbances in adolescents.

Objectives: Data concerning the association of vitamin D with metabolic disturbances in adolescents are contradictory. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic abnormalities in adolescents with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency and to determine informative indices for the early detection of these metabolic disturbances.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study including 90 adolescents aged 13-15 years was carried out during the winter.

Features of Metabolic Support of Physical Performance in Highly Trained Cross-Country Skiers of Different Qualifications during Physical Activity at Maximum Load.

The purpose of our study was to identify the features of metabolic regulation in highly trained cross-country skiers of different qualifications at different stages of the maximum load test. We examined 124 highly trained cross-country skiers (male, ages 17-24). The group consisted of two subgroups based on their competition performance: 61 nonelite athletes (Group I) and 63 elite athletes (group II), who were current members of the national team of the Komi Republic and Russia.

Age-adjusted cut-off values of lipid accumulation product (LAP) for predicting hypertension.

Among the many factors considered relevant to hypertension, obesity and metabolic disturbances play an important role in the development of this pathology. Therefore, lipid accumulation product (LAP), an index of visceral adiposity, is a simple and effective indicator of hypertension risk. To date, the reference and cut-off values for LAP have not been defined.

Sex differences in the association between obesity and hypertension.

Background: Hypertension and obesity often coexist. There are sex differences in the mechanisms of obesity-related hypertension but the reasons for these differences are still not fully understood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in the development of hypertension associated with obesity.

Nitric Oxide Production in Professional Skiers During Physical Activity at Maximum Load.

The purpose of this study is to assess the production of nitric oxide in professional cross-country skiers with normotensive and hypertensive responses to physical activity at maximum load. The observation group included professional cross-country skiers (22.2 ± 7.

Dietary and plasma blood α-linolenic acid as modulators of fat oxidation and predictors of aerobic performance.

Background: Among n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the most important is α-linolenic acid (ALA). The biological activity of ALA is not equivalent to that of the long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and it has pleiotropic effects, such as functioning as an energy substrate during long-term training when carbohydrate reserves are depleted. The purpose of this investigation was to study the link between the essential dietary and plasma ALA and aerobic performance, which is estimated via maximal fat oxidation (MFO), among skiers.

The atherogenic index (ATH index) as a potential predictive marker of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a case control study.

Background: The importance of blood lipids in the pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is widely discussed in the literature. However, the published results that hyperlipidaemia causes hearing problems are contradictory. The objective of this study was to establish whether increased lipid levels affect the risk of idiopathic SSNHL.

Usefulness of the LDL-C/apoB ratio in the overall evaluation of atherogenicity of lipid profile.

Context: The ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein-B (LDL-C/apoB) conventionally represents an alternative index of LDL particle size.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the importance of LDL-C/apoB ratio in the overall evaluation of atherogenicity of lipid profile.

Methods: The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoB and apoE were measured in 186 apparently healthy men using enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric methods.

The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio as a potential marker of plasma atherogenicity.

Background: The apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-I ratio represents the balance between apoB-rich atherogenic particles and apoA-I-rich antiatherogenic particles, and this ratio is considered to be a marker of cardiovascular risk. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of the apoB/apoA-I ratio in predicting the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease, less is known about apoB/apoA-I ratio as a marker of plasma atherogenicity.

Methods: A total of 157 normolipidemic men aged 20-59 years were included in the study.

Features of selenium metabolism in humans living under the conditions of North European Russia.

Purpose: Selenium supplementation and its effects on Northerners have been little studied. The aim of our study was to assess the selenium levels of the inhabitants of North European Russia, the seasonal aspects of selenium supplementation, and the interrelationships between selenium levels and the levels of thyroid gland hormones.

Methods: To study the particular features of selenium metabolism in Northerners over the course of 1 year, 19 healthy male Caucasian volunteers (18-21 years old) were recruited for the present study.

Plasma levels of apolipoprotein-E in residents of the European North of Russia.

Background: Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) is one of the metabolically active apoproteins and plays an important role in lipid metabolism. However, there are no data on levels of apoE in residents of the North in spite of the fact that specific features of lipid metabolism in the northerners are described. The present work was designed to study plasma levels of apoE in residents of the European North of Russia.

Indications of decreasing human PTS concentrations in North West Russia.

Background: The Russian Arctic covers an enormous landmass with diverse environments. It inhabits more than 20 different ethnic groups, all of them with various living conditions and food traditions. Indigenous populations with a traditional way of living are exposed to a large number of anthropogenic pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic metals, mainly through the diet.