Positive and Negative Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Antibiotic Resistance Genes Transfer.

Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a critical public health problem in the world. One of the main routes of resistance development is the transfer of genes containing antibiotic resistance cassettes. Gene transfer can be done through horizontal transfer of genes: transduction, conjugation, and transformation.

Ultrasound-assisted fabrication of gluten-free dough for automatic producing dumplings.

Nowadays celiac disease is becoming more common. It is the autonomic genetic disease that is accompanied by damage to the intestines due to a reaction to eating some proteins. People who are suffering from celiac disease cannot eat food containing gluten, including dough made from gluten-containing seeds.

Structural and genetic characterization of the colitose-containing O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Herbaspirillum frisingense GSF30.

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Herbaspirillum frisingense GSF30 (HfGSF30), a non-pathogenic diazotrophic endobiont, was isolated by phenol-water extraction from bacterial cells and was characterized by chemical analyses and SDS PAGE. The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS, O-antigen), obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the LPS, was examined by sugar and methylation analysis, along with H and C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D H,H COSY, H,H TOCSY, H,H ROESY, H,C HSQC, and H,C HMBC experiments. The OPS was found to consist of branched tetrasaccharide repeating units of the following structure: [Formula: see text] This structure is unique among the known bacterial polysaccharide structures.