Publications by authors named "Evgeniy Perlov"

Introduction: Concomitant drug use is common among opioid-dependent patients in maintenance therapy. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common comorbidity among opioid users, is associated with a higher risk of concomitant drug use. Earlier studies showed that methylphenidate (MPH) can reduce cocaine consumption among patients with ADHD.

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Background: Neuroimaging studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrated decreased global gray matter volume. In terms of surface parameters, most investigations focused on cortical thickness with a multi-center MEGA-analysis indicating cortical thinning in children, but not in adults with ADHD. In this single-scanner study, for the first time in adult ADHD, we additionally examined metrics beyond cortical thickness and surface area, namely sulcal depth and fractal dimension as measures of cortical alteration and complexity.

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The excitatory-inhibitory imbalance hypothesis postulates dysregulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) neurotransmitter systems as a common underlying deficit in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies suggest an important role of these systems in the pathophysiology of ASD, including a study of our group reporting decreased glutamate concentrations in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of adults with ASD. The aim of this study was to replicate our previous findings of impaired glutamate metabolism in ASD in a new sample and to additionally quantify GABA in the ACC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC).

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An altered pattern of information processing has been hypothesized in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by enhanced local network connectivity and reduced long-distance communication. Previous findings of impaired white matter integrity in the genu and the body of the corpus callosum already indicated reduced long-distance connectivity in patients with ASD. However, it remained unclear how this reduced white matter integrity affects the structural connectivity of the corresponding brain areas.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood. Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line treatment for ADHD; however, despite its wide usage, little is known about its neurometabolic effects. Until now, no randomized and blinded clinical trials have been conducted addressing the neurometabolic signals of MPH administration in adults with ADHD.

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Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease of the brain first described in 2007. The aim of this paper is to present a 10-year follow-up case history.

Case Presentation: The authors present the case of a 39-year-old female patient who developed an anti-NMDA-R encephalitis in 2009 with predominant severe catatonic symptoms.

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Objective: An insular involvement in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) has been suggested in many structural and functional neuroimaging studies. This magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study is the first to investigate metabolic signals in the anterior insular cortex in patients with AN and recovered individuals (REC).

Method: The MR spectra of 32 adult women with AN, 21 REC subjects and 33 healthy controls (HC) were quantified for absolute N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate + glutamine (Glx), total choline, myo-inositol, creatine concentrations (mM/L).

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Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Relevant sex differences in symptomatology are discussed. This study compared brain neurometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left cerebellar hemisphere in age- and IQ-matched adult male (mADHD) and female (fADHD) ADHD patients.

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Detecting delirium in elderly emergency patients is critical to their outcome. The Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) is a short, feasible instrument that allows nurses to systematically screen for delirium. This is the first study to validate the Nu-DESC in a German emergency department (ED).

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Previous studies on cortical volume and thickness measures in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show inconsistent results. We acquired structural magnetic resonance images of 30 individuals with ASD and individually matched controls and extracted surface-based and deformation-based morphometry measures. All participants had an IQ>100.

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Background: Delirium is frequent in elderly patients presenting in the emergency department (ED). Despite the severe prognosis, the majority of delirium cases remain undetected by emergency physicians (EPs). At the time of our study there was no valid delirium screening tool available for EDs in German-speaking regions.

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Background: We previously described inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alterations in a subgroup of patients with schizophreniform disorders and the synthesis of polyspecific intrathecal antibodies against different neurotropic infectious pathogens in some patients with bipolar disorders. Consequently, we have measured the prevalence of a positive MRZ reaction (MRZR)-a marker for a polyspecific, antiviral, intrathecal, humoral immune response composed of three antibody indices for the neurotropic viruses of measles (M), rubella (R), and varicella zoster (Z)-in these patients.

Methods: We analyzed paired CSF and serum samples of 39 schizophreniform and 39 bipolar patients.

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Article Synopsis
  • Adult ADHD is linked to neurodevelopmental issues, and some patients may show abnormal brain activity patterns known as intermittent rhythmic delta or theta activity (IRDA/IRTA).
  • A study compared the resting EEG results of 97 adults with ADHD to 30 control subjects, finding that ADHD patients had higher IRDA/IRTA rates before hyperventilation (HV), but similar results after HV.
  • Increased IRDA/IRTA in ADHD patients may contribute to impulsivity and cognitive deficits due to changes in brain network and connections.
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Previous studies have pointed to the involvement of limbic structures in the genesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present researchers manually segmented magnetic resonance images of 30 individuals with ADHD and 30 individually matched controls, focusing on amygdala and hippocampus volumes. Neither hippocampus nor amygdala volume differed significantly between individuals with and without ADHD.

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Background: Schizophreniform syndromes can be divided into primary forms from polygenic causes or secondary forms due to immunological, epileptiform, monogenic, or degenerative causes. Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a secondary immunological form associated with increased thyroid antibodies, such as antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and shows a good response to corticosteroids.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 41-year-old woman suffering from a schizophreniform syndrome.

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Schizophreniform syndromes in combination with autoimmune thyroiditis and increased serum thyroid antibodies lead healthcare practitioners to consider a diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. To detect specific biomarkers, the authors analyzed whether intrathecal antithyroid antibody synthesis occurred in a subgroup of schizophreniform patients. In doing so, the authors analyzed thyroid antibodies in paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from 100 schizophreniform patients.

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Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by difficulties in social communication, unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests, and specific abnormalities in language and perception. The precise etiology of ASD is still unknown and probably heterogeneous. In a subgroup of patients, toxic environmental exposure might lead to an imbalance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidant systems.

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: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with epilepsy. Previous studies have also shown increased rates of electroencephalographic (EEG) alteration in ASD patients without epilepsy. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of intermittent rhythmic delta and theta activity (IRDA/IRTA) events between high-functioning adult patients with ASD and matched healthy controls.

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Background: Schizophrenia-like disorders can be divided into endogenic or primary, idiopathic, polygenetic forms, and different secondary, organic subgroups [e.g., (para)epileptic, immunological, degenerative].

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and lifelong condition. Primary endogenic polygenetic forms are common. Secondary organic forms have received increasing interest recently due to the detection of immunological encephalopathies that mimic various psychiatric syndromes, including BD.

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Introduction: Vitamin D has many immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective functions, and previous studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and neuropsychiatric disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a 1-year cohort of adult inpatients with schizophreniform and autism spectrum syndromes in a naturalistic inpatient setting in Germany.

Participants And Methods: Our study was comprised of 60 adult schizophreniform and 23 adult high-functioning autism spectrum patients who were hospitalized between January and December of 2015.

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Background: Based on animal research several authors have warned that the application of methylphenidate, the first-line drug for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), might have neurotoxic effects potentially harming the brain. We investigated whether methylphenidate application, over a 1-year period, results in cerebral volume decrease.

Methods: We acquired structural MRIs in a double-blind study comparing methylphenidate to placebo.

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In neuropsychiatric research, the aspects of sex have received increasing attention over the past decade. With regard to the neurometabolic differences in the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum of both men and women, we performed a magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) study of a large group of healthy subjects. For neurometabolic measurements, we used single-voxel proton MRS.

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Background: Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric disease with symptoms of cognitive impairment, stroke-like episodes, seizures, and psychotic or affective symptoms associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and excellent steroid responsiveness; therefore, it is also called "steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis" (SREAT).

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 50-year-old woman who developed a first-onset depressive syndrome with predominant cognitive impairment and inability to work. Antidepressive treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy over two years were unsuccessful.

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Objective: Pathological findings in electroencephalography (EEG) are discussed as a possible marker of organic mental disorders and a therapeutic response to anticonvulsive medication under these conditions.

Methods: We compared the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in 100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 patients with schizoaffective disorder, 51 patients with acute polymorphic psychotic disorder, 100 patients with bipolar disorder, 100 patients with unipolar major depression and 76 healthy control subjects with the findings of a previous study using well-diagnosed, large control samples (13,658 pilots and aircrew personnel).

Results: We detected an increased number of pathological EEG findings with intermittent rhythmic delta or theta activity in 7% of patients with schizophrenia, 7% of patients with schizoaffective disorder, 5.

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