Deep learning for prediction of fractional flow reserve from resting coronary pressure curves.

Background: It would be ideal for a non-hyperaemic index to predict fractional flow reserve (FFR) more accurately, given FFR's extensive validation in a multitude of clinical settings.

Aims: The aim of this study was to derive a novel non-hyperaemic algorithm based on deep learning and to validate it in an internal validation cohort against FFR.

Methods: The ARTIST study is a post hoc analysis of three previously published studies.

Enhancing cardiovascular artificial intelligence (AI) research in the Netherlands: CVON-AI consortium.

Background: Machine learning (ML) allows the exploration and progressive improvement of very complex high-dimensional data patterns that can be utilised to optimise specific classification and prediction tasks, outperforming traditional statistical approaches. An enormous acceleration of ready-to-use tools and artificial intelligence (AI) applications, shaped by the emergence, refinement, and application of powerful ML algorithms in several areas of knowledge, is ongoing. Although such progress has begun to permeate the medical sciences and clinical medicine, implementation in cardiovascular medicine and research is still in its infancy.

Robustifying descriptor instability using Fisher vectors.

Many computer vision applications, including image classification, matching, and retrieval use global image representations, such as the Fisher vector, to encode a set of local image patches. To describe these patches, many local descriptors have been designed to be robust against lighting changes and noise. However, local image descriptors are unstable when the underlying image signal is low.

Evaluation of color spatio-temporal interest points for human action recognition.

This paper considers the recognition of realistic human actions in videos based on spatio-temporal interest points (STIPs). Existing STIP-based action recognition approaches operate on intensity representations of the image data. Because of this, these approaches are sensitive to disturbing photometric phenomena, such as shadows and highlights.

Inhibition by lectins of glutamate receptor desensitization is determined by the lectin's sugar specificity at kainate but not AMPA receptors.

The lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) has long been known to potentiate current responses of native and recombinant ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), apparently by inhibition of receptor desensitization. We compared the effects of a broad range of lectins with different carbohydrate specificities on recombinant AMPA (GluR1) and kainate receptors (GluR6) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Interestingly, the extent of inhibition of desensitization appears to depend on the sugar preference of lectins at kainate (KA) receptors, but not at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors.

Lectin-induced inhibition of desensitization of the kainate receptor GluR6 depends on the activation state and can be mediated by a single native or ectopic N-linked carbohydrate side chain.

The ionotropic glutamate receptor GluR6 exhibits strongly and rapidly desensitizing current responses. Treatment of heterologically expressed GluR6 with the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) in Xenopus oocytes as well as in human embryonic kidney-293 cells results in a considerable increase of the steady-state current, presumably by inhibiting receptor desensitization. In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis of this effect using a systematic mutagenesis approach.

Pharmacological differentiation between neuronal and recombinant glutamate receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

To determine the molecular components of neuronal glutamate receptors, it is important to identify pharmacological tools that allow differentiation between different glutamate receptor types. Here, we utilized the naphthalene derivative Evans Blue (EB) and a collection of other subtype-specific compounds (polyamine toxins, concanavalin A, cyclothiazide) to compare the pharmacological profile of neuronal and recombinant glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR6 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Submicromolar concentrations of EB selectively reduced the activity of homomeric glutamate receptors GluR1, GluR2(Q) and GluR4.

N-Glycosylation is not a prerequisite for glutamate receptor function but Is essential for lectin modulation.

All ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) subunits analyzed so far are heavily N-glycosylated at multiple sites on their amino-terminal extracellular domains. Although the exact functional significance of this glycosylation remains to be determined, it has been suggested that N-glycosylation may be a precondition for the formation of functional ion channels. In particular, it has been argued that N-glycosylation is required for the formation of functional ligand binding sites.