Interactions between glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and estrogens regulates lipid metabolism.

Obesity, characterized by excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT), is linked to numerous health issues, including insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The distribution of adipose tissue differs by sex, with men typically exhibiting android adiposity and pre-menopausal women displaying gynecoid adiposity. After menopause, women have an increased risk of developing android-type obesity, IR, and DM2.

Metabolic changes in the subtropical frog Boana pulchella during experimental cooling and recovery conditions.

Frogs have developed biochemical and physiological adaptations to occupy diverse ecological niches on Earth successfully. Survival in frozen states is a fascinating strategy made possible by evolving adaptations to produce cryoprotectant solutes. The hylid frog Boana pulchella thrives in South American regions with cold climates, remaining active while enduring sporadic subzero temperatures during winter.

The impact of chasing stress on the metabolism of the Atlantic Ghost Crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787).

Ocypode quadrata, a Ghost crab species found along the western Atlantic coast, is considered a bioindicator of anthropogenic impact on sandy beaches. Ghost Crabbing, a touristic activity in which ghost crabs are chased just for fun, is a potentially threatening activity for this crab. In crustaceans, metabolites such as glucose and lactate, and the gene expression of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) increase when the animals are exposed to several types of stress, including alterations in temperature, salinity, or exposure to xenobiotics.

Acute effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on cell metabolism and signaling: Comparison between lean and obese rats.

Aims: Although the benefits of exercise can be potentiated by fasting in healthy subjects, few studies evaluated the effects of this intervention on the metabolism of obese subjects. This study investigated the immediate effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on the metabolism of gastrocnemius and soleus of lean and obese rats.

Main Methods: Male rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) for twelve weeks to induce obesity or were fed standard diet (SD).

Effects of tributyltin (TBT) on the intermediate metabolism of the crab Callinectes sapidus.

This study investigated if the exposure to tributyltin (TBT), a chemical used worldwide in boat antifouling paints, could result in metabolic disturbances in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. After the exposure to TBT 100 or 1000 ng.L for 48 and 96 h, hemolymph and tissues were collected to determine the concentration of metabolites and lipid peroxidation.

Female Wistar rats present particular glucose flux when submitted to classic protocols of experimental diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent autoimmune disease worldwide. The knowledge of female particularities in metabolic dysfunction is of fundamental importance, leading to better choices for human therapy candidates. The aim of this study is to investigate the glucose flux peculiarities of female rats submitted to two classic experimental diabetes protocols.

Metabolic and Molecular Subacute Effects of a Single Moderate-Intensity Exercise Bout, Performed in the Fasted State, in Obese Male Rats.

: Obesity represents a major global public health problem. Its etiology is multifactorial and includes poor dietary habits, such as hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diets (HFDs), physical inactivity, and genetic factors. Regular exercise is, per se, a tool for the treatment and prevention of obesity, and recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of exercise can be potentiated by the fasting state, thus potentially promoting additional effects.

Adipose tissue of female Wistar rats respond to treatment after ovariectomy surgery.

Background And Aim: Metabolic disturbances are known for their increasing epidemiological importance. presents a potential option for mitigating lipid metabolism imbalance. However, most of the literature to date has not considered sex bias.

Liraglutide treatment counteracts alterations in adipose tissue metabolism induced by orchiectomy in rats.

Aims: The reduction in androgens serum concentration is a physiological condition that accompanies age advancement but can also occur because of prostate cancer and gender affirming treatment or pathological conditions such as functional hypogonadism. However, androgen deficiency is related to a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Considering that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogs are increasingly used in the treatment of T2DM, we investigated if liraglutide could also attenuate the metabolic changes caused by orchiectomy in rats.

Lactate Administration Reduces Brain Injury and Ameliorates Behavioral Outcomes Following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of mortality and disability in newborns and the only standard approach for treating this condition is therapeutic hypothermia, which shows some limitations. Thus, putative neuroprotective agents have been tested in animal models. The present study evaluated the administration of lactate, a potential energy substrate of the central nervous system (CNS) in an animal model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI), that mimics in neonatal rats the brain damage observed in human newborns.

Effects of stanniocalcin 1 hormone on lactate metabolism in rat kidney under fed and fasted conditions.

To test the hypothesis of STC-1 participation in maintenance of glucose homeostasis in fed and fasting (48 h) rats, we investigated that this hormone may be implicated in the regulation of renal gluconeogenesis pathway from lactate and lactate oxidation in renal cortex and medulla. Our results demonstrate the hSTC-1 role on lactate metabolism in the renal cortex and medulla from fed and fasting rats. hSTC-1 increased the gluconeogenesis activity in fed state in renal cortex, and this increase was induced by raise in Pck1 gene expression.

Diet composition and long-term starvation do not affect crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) transcription in the burrowing crab Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851).

The burrowing crab Neohelice granulata is a key omnivorous species in intertidal areas along the southwestern Atlantic from southern Brazil to northern Argentinean Patagonia. This crab is adapted to starvation and can endure natural periods of food deprivation. The metabolic adjustments during starvation depend on the type of diet the crabs were fed previously.

Effects of stanniocalcin hormones on rat brown adipose tissue metabolism under fed and fasted conditions.

In this study we determined the effect of fed and fasting (48 h) states on the expression of stanniocalcin-1 (Stc1) and stanniocalcin-2 (Stc2) in rat brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as the in vitro effects of human stanniocalcin 1 and 2 (hSTC-1 and hSTC-2) hormones on lipid and glucose metabolism. In addition, lactate, glycogen levels and hexokinase (HK) activity were determined. In fasting Stc2 expression increased markedly.

Effects of Organotins on Crustaceans: Update and Perspectives.

Organotins (OTs) are considered some of the most toxic chemicals introduced into aquatic environments by anthropogenic activities. They are widely used for agricultural and industrial purposes and as antifouling additives on boat hull's paints. Even though the use of OTs was banned in 2008, elevated levels of OTs can still be detected in aquatic environments.