Tailored electrochemical biosensor with poly-diallydimethylammonium chloride-functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes/gold nanoparticles/manganese dioxide, and haemoglobin for sensitive hydrogen peroxide detection.

A very sensitive electrochemical biosensor, with haemoglobin (Hb) as its basis, has been created to quantify hydrogen peroxide (HO), an essential marker in environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnosis. The sensor uses a simple, eco-friendly preparation method. Hb was immobilised on manganese dioxide nanostructure/gold nanoparticles/poly-diallydimethylammonium chloride-functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PDDA-MWCNT/AuNP/MnO), characterised using various techniques: amperometry, voltammetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).