A novel ubiquitin-specific protease is dynamically associated with the PML nuclear domain and binds to a herpesvirus regulatory protein.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 is a non-specific activator of gene expression and is required for efficient initiation of the viral lytic cycle. Since Vmw110-deficient viruses reactivate inefficiently in mouse latency models it has been suggested that Vmw110 plays a role in the balance between the latent and lytic states of the virus. The mechanisms by which Vmw110 achieves these functions are poorly understood.

Replacement of the herpes simplex virus type 1 Vmw175 DNA binding domain with its varicella-zoster virus counterpart results in a protein with novel regulatory properties that can support virus growth.

The alphaherpesviruses encode major immediate early transactivator proteins that are essential for the expression of later classes of viral genes. We have previously shown that the extensive sequence similarity between the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) members of the family (proteins Vmw175 and VZV140k) extends to function, since a virus which expresses VZV140k in place of Vmw175 is able to grow, albeit at reduced efficiency. We have also shown that the DNA binding characteristics of the isolated DNA binding domains of Vmw175 and VZV140k are related but distinct.

Influence of different methods of synchronized mechanical ventilation on ventilation, gas exchange, patient effort, and blood pressure fluctuations in premature neonates.

We studied the effects of two methods of synchronized mechanical ventilation [synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and assist/control (A/C)] on ventilation, gas exchange, patient effort, and arterial blood pressure (ABP) fluctuations. SIMV and A/C were applied in random order in 12 preterm neonates (gestational age, 29.7 +/- 2.

Patient-triggered ventilation in neonates: comparison of a flow-and an impedance-triggered system.

We conducted a study with the objective of comparing the performance of two different systems for patient-triggered ventilation in neonates (impedance versus flow/volume-triggered) by measuring response time, autotrigger and trigger failure rates, ventilation, and gas exchange. The two ventilator systems were applied in random order in 10 preterm neonates (median gestational age: 30.5 wk; range: 27 to 34 wk; body weight: 1,266 g; range: 840 to 2,240 g) using identical ventilator settings.

Patient-triggered ventilation: a comparison of tidal volume and chestwall and abdominal motion as trigger signals.

Patient-triggered synchronized ventilation requires reliable and early detection of the infant's inspiratory effort. Several trigger methods have been developed that frequently lack the sensitivity to detect inspiration in small preterm infants (trigger failure), or show a high rate of breaths triggered by artifacts in the respiratory signal (autotrigger). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the following trigger signals: abdominal movement sensed by a newly developed induction technique, chestwall motion detected by changes in transthoracic impedance, and tidal volume measured by anemometry at the endotracheal tube connector.

Nuclear domain 10 as preexisting potential replication start sites of herpes simplex virus type-1.

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) nuclear replication cycle begins at localized sites, but it has remained unclear whether these sites are associated with any defined nuclear structure. We have previously shown that during infection, the HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP0 dispersed proteins associated with ND10, nuclear sites that contain high concentrations of PML and other potentially regulatory proteins and correspond to the ultrastructurally defined nuclear bodies. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, we found that ICP0 mutants of HSV-1 replicate in the close proximity with ND10, but increasing replication sites develop away from these nuclear structures.

Intrasubject variability of repeated pulmonary function measurements in preterm ventilated infants.

This study set out to describe the variability and assess the reproducibility of repeated pulmonary function measurements in ventilated preterm infants. We measured tidal volume (VT), lung compliance (CL), and resistance (RL) in 16 infants (mean +/- SD: birthweight 1222 +/- 343 g) during spontaneous breathing and during mechanical ventilation, suppressing breathing efforts by mild hyperventilation. CL and RL were calculated from the equation of motion using linear regression analysis (LR), and by the Mead and Wittenberger method (MW).

Point mutations in the herpes simplex virus type 1 Vmw110 RING finger helix affect activation of gene expression, viral growth, and interaction with PML-containing nuclear structures.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 (also known as ICP0) has been implicated in the control of the balance between the lytic and latent states, but the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are unknown. Vmw110 includes a characteristic zinc binding domain, termed the C3HC4 domain or RING finger, which is essential for its function. The solution structure of a related herpesvirus RING finger domain suggested that an amphipathic alpha helix might be an important functional component of the RING finger.

Mechanisms for episodes of hypoxemia in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To ascertain possible mechanisms implicated in the development of transient episodes of hypoxemia (oxygen saturation < 85%) frequently observed in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation, even after the acute phase of respiratory failure has passed.

Study Design: Tidal flow, airway and esophageal pressure, and oxygen saturation were continuously recorded in 10 infants (mean +/- SD, birth weight 733 +/- 149 gm, gestational age 25.5 +/- 2.

The equine herpesvirus 1 gene 63 RING finger protein partially complements Vmw110, its herpes simplex virus type 1 counterpart.

All alpha herpesviruses of known DNA sequence have been found to encode a protein with similarities to immediate early protein Vmw110 (ICP0) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The conserved portion of this family of proteins is a characteristic zinc binding module, known as a RING finger or C3HC4 domain. Examples of RING finger domains occur in many other proteins of diverse evolutionary origin and function.

Separation of sequence requirements for HSV-1 Vmw110 multimerisation and interaction with a 135-kDa cellular protein.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early polypeptide Vmw110 (ICP0) is a general transactivator of gene expression in transfection assays and is required for the fully efficient onset of viral lytic replication. It has also been implicated in the process of viral reactivation from latency. Its mechanism of action is unknown, but any involvement in latency requires interactions between viral and host factors.

The cellular RING finger protein PML is not a functional counterpart of the herpes simplex virus type 1 RING finger protein Vmw110.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate early protein Vmw110 (also known as ICP0) is required for the fully efficient expression of viral genes during onset of lytic growth and for normal reactivation from latency. Both Vmw110 and the cellular protein PML are members of the RING finger family of zinc binding domain proteins, a family which includes an increasing number of examples from a wide evolutionary range. The function of the RING finger domain is unknown, and the question arises whether the RING finger (like several other examples of conserved domains) fulfils similar functions in these diverse proteins.

Multiplicative factors for estimation of daily milk and component yields from single morning or afternoon tests.

Prediction of daily yield from single a.m. or p.

HSV-1 IE protein Vmw110 causes redistribution of PML.

Herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein Vmw110 is required for fully efficient viral gene expression and reactivation from latency. At early times of viral infection, Vmw110 localizes to discrete nuclear structures (known as ND10, PODs or Kr bodies) which contain several cellular proteins, including PML. Interestingly, the unregulated growth of promyelocytic leukaemia cells is correlated with disruption of the normal state of ND10.

The nuclear location of PML, a cellular member of the C3HC4 zinc-binding domain protein family, is rearranged during herpes simplex virus infection by the C3HC4 viral protein ICP0.

ND10 are nuclear domains of unknown function that become abundant in response to stress. Infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes the apparent disappearance of these domains, an effect that requires the expression of the immediate early protein ICP0. Previously, we have shown that there are a number of cellular antigens in the ND10.

Endometrial ablation using SideFire laser fiber.

The first successful use of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser to control hypermenorrhea was reported in 1981. Variations on the technique were attempted to improve the amenorrhea rate. Using the Nd:YAG laser with the blanching or nontouch technique seems to result in a better outcome and higher rate of total amenorrhea than using the dragging technique.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 binds strongly and specifically to a 135-kDa cellular protein.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes five immediate-early gene products, at least three of which are required for fully efficient viral gene expression. One of these three, Vmw110 (or ICPO), is a potent and nonspecific activator of gene expression in transfection assays. Viruses which fail to express functional Vmw110 have a cell-type and multiplicity-dependent defect in viral gene expression.

Structure of the C3HC4 domain by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A new structural class of zinc-finger.

A recently identified sequence motif, referred to as "C3HC4" (also "RING finger" and "A Box") for its distinctive pattern of putative metal-binding residues, has been found in a wide range of proteins. In a previous paper we described the expression and purification of fragments encompassing this motif from the Vmw110 (IPC0) protein family. We showed that the equine herpes virus protein binds zinc ions and adopts a beta beta alpha beta fold.

The DNA binding domains of the varicella-zoster virus gene 62 and herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4 transactivator proteins heterodimerize and bind to DNA.

The product of varicella-zoster virus gene 62 (VZV 140k) is the functional counterpart of the major transcriptional regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), ICP4. We have found that the purified bacterially expressed DNA binding domain of VZV 140k (residues 417-647) is a stable dimer in solution. As demonstrated by the appearance of a novel protein--DNA complex of intermediate mobility in gel retardation assays, following in vitro co-translation of a pair of differently sized VZV 140k DNA binding domain peptides, the 140k DNA binding domain peptide binds to DNA as a dimer.

Mutation of a single lysine residue severely impairs the DNA recognition and regulatory functions of the VZV gene 62 transactivator protein.

The product of varicella-zoster virus gene 62 (VZV 140k) is a potent transactivator protein. We have identified a region within the DNA binding domain of VZV 140k that shows a striking similarity to the DNA recognition helix of the homeodomain, with an especially highly conserved quartet of residues, WLQN. The 140k protein has functional counterparts within the other alphaherpesviruses, which include the major transcriptional regulatory protein of HSV-1, (ICP4), and the WLQN region is highly conserved among the members of this family of viral transactivators.

A novel arrangement of zinc-binding residues and secondary structure in the C3HC4 motif of an alpha herpes virus protein family.

A highly conserved, cysteine-rich region plays a crucial role in the function of a family of regulatory proteins encoded by alpha herpes viruses. The so-called C3HC4 motif spans approximately 60 residues and has been predicted to bind zinc. This motif occurs in a number of other viral and cellular proteins, many of which appear to be involved in some aspect of the regulation of gene expression.

A truncated form of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 is expressed in a cell type dependent manner.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes five immediate-early (IE) genes, at least three of which are involved in the regulation of gene expression. Gene IE-1 is one of the few HSV-1 genes whose pre-mRNAs are spliced; the IE-1 pre-mRNA contains two introns, the second of which contains an in-frame stop codon which would terminate IE-1 translation if the intron were not excised. Previous work has shown that plasmids which have been constructed so as to express only the first two exons of Vmw110 can inhibit gene expression in transfection assays, whereas the normal intact protein is an activator of gene expression.

Genetic parameters of Italian brown Swiss for levels of herd yield.

Genetic parameters were estimated for yields and percentages of milk, fat, and protein for registered Italian Brown Swiss cows. Data were 72,690 mature equivalent 305-d first lactation yields split by herd average milk into four files. An expectation-maximization REML algorithm was used on a multiple-trait model with equal design matrices for fixed and random effects.

Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy: a report of 26 cases.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy. We have retrospectively studied the first twenty-six cases. All cases were reviewed and included in this report.