Publications by authors named "Everard C"

Background: Empirical treatment of pyelonephritis in the emergency ward includes broad-spectrum antibiotics. Such a strategy favours broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse. Local antibiotic stewardship teams can propose local recommendations to adapt empirical antibiotic treatment devoted to spare precious molecules that remain active on MDR bacteria, such as fluoroquinolones or other broad-spectrum antibiotics.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative, longitudinal study of the US population on tobacco use and its effects on health, collecting data annually since 2013. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted in-person survey data collections around the world. In the USA, this included a PATH Study data collection focused on youth (13-17) and young adults (18-19) as well as other US surveys on tobacco use.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: We compare real-world trends in population-level cigarette discontinuation rates among adults (ages ≥21) who smoked cigarettes, by electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use.

Aims And Methods: U.S nationally representative data from adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013/14-2021, Waves 1-6) who smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (P30D) were analyzed (n = 13 640).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Sex and racial/ethnic identity-specific cut-points for validating tobacco use using Wave 1 (W1) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were published in 2020. The current study establishes predictive validity of the W1 (2014) urinary cotinine and total nicotine equivalents-2 (TNE-2) cut-points on estimating Wave 4 (W4; 2017) tobacco use.

Methods: For exclusive and polytobacco cigarette use, weighted prevalence estimates based on W4 self-report alone and with exceeding the W1 cut-point were calculated to identify the percentage missed without biochemical verification.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative study of the US population on tobacco use and its effects on health, with four waves of data collection between 2013 and 2017. Prior work described the methods of the first three waves. In this paper, we describe the methods of Wave 4, during which a replenishment sample was added to the ongoing cohort.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Evolving tobacco use, especially with the rise of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), highlights the need to re-examine how tobacco impacts oral health.
  • The study uses data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, focusing on adults who reported no prior oral health issues, to analyze links between tobacco product use and oral health outcomes over several years.
  • Findings show various sample sizes for different oral health issues, indicating that a significant portion of participants were affected by conditions like gum disease and precancerous lesions, with a diverse demographic primarily composed of women and non-Hispanic White individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: This study examines predictors of trajectories of cigarette and e-cigarette use among a cohort of US adolescents transitioning into young adulthood. Comparing trajectories of each tobacco product is important to determine if different intervention targets are needed to prevent progression to daily use.

Methods: Latent trajectory class analyses identified cigarette and e-cigarette use (never, ever excluding past 12-month, past 12-month (excluding past 30-day (P30D)), P30D 1-5 days, P30D 6+ days) trajectory classes, separately, among US youth (12-17; N = 10,086) using the first 4 waves (2013-2017) of data from the nationally representative PATH Study.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for multiple adverse oral conditions. Few nationally representative oral health data sets encompass the current diversity of tobacco and nicotine products. This investigation examines the validity of oral health measures in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to assess relationships between tobacco use and oral health.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study examined how biomarkers of tobacco exposure changed when cigarette smokers switched to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or quit tobacco altogether, using data from the PATH Study.
  • Smokers who became dual users (smoking and using ENDS) showed significant reductions in some biomarkers, but not others, and only if they cut down on the number of cigarettes smoked.
  • For those who quit tobacco completely or switched to exclusive ENDS use, there were notable decreases in various harmful substances measured, indicating that moving away from traditional smoking can lower exposure to toxic compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • A study analyzed whether using e-cigarettes influences daily cigarette smokers who initially had no intention to quit to change their quit plans, using data from the PATH Study between 2014 and 2019.
  • Results showed that daily e-cigarette users had a significantly higher likelihood (41.4%) of changing their plans to quit compared to non-e-cigarette users (12.4%).
  • The findings suggest that research on e-cigarette effects should consider not just motivated quitters but also the broader smoker population, as e-cigarette use can impact quit intentions even among those initially resistant to change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: This study investigated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, using the Abbott antinucleocapsid IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) assay, in five prespecified healthcare worker (HCW) subgroups following the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting: An 800-bed tertiary-level teaching hospital in the south of Ireland.

Participants: Serum was collected for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG using the Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG CMIA qualitative assay, as per the manufacturer's specifications.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Determine the overall, sex-, and racially/ethnically-appropriate population-level cotinine and total nicotine equivalents (TNE-2, the molar sum of the two major nicotine metabolites) cut-points to distinguish tobacco users from nonusers across multiple definitions of use (e.g., exclusive vs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: Relapse to smoking among former smokers is a serious clinical concern, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has been proposed as a new risk factor for relapse. Understanding the specificity of this risk can help guide clinical practice and lead to improved health outcomes.

Objective: To assess the associations of ENDS use with cigarette smoking relapse among adult former cigarette smokers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We examined whether tobacco susceptibility at Wave (W) 1 (2013-2014) predicts the onset of tobacco and other substances at W2 (2014-2015) among 5325 U.S. youth (12-17 years) never substance users at W1 in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: As stillbirth has a devastating impact, it is imperative to understand the importance of clinical and emotional care after stillbirth and how it influences subsequent pregnancies. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the consideration and planning of a subsequent pregnancy by parents in the weeks following stillbirth.

Design: A qualitative semi-structured interview format was utilized.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The effect of prenatal distress on the risk of a small for gestational age (SGA) infant is uncertain. We have addressed the influences of prenatal stress, anxiety and depression on the risk of SGA. We also examined the effects of infant sex and timing of distress during pregnancy on any observed associations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Bio-fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) by microalgae has been recognised as an attractive approach to offset anthropogenic emissions. Biological carbon mitigation is the process whereby autotrophic organisms, such as microalgae, convert CO2 into organic carbon and O2 through photosynthesis; this process through respiration produces biomass. In this study Dunaliella tertiolecta was cultivated in a semicontinuous culture to investigate the carbon mitigation rate of the system.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Elective repeat caesarean delivery (ERCD) rates have been increasing worldwide, thus prompting obstetric discourse on the risks and benefits for the mother and infant. Yet, these increasing rates also have major economic implications for the health care system. Given the dearth of information on the cost-effectiveness related to mode of delivery, the aim of this paper was to perform an economic evaluation on the costs and short-term maternal health consequences associated with a trial of labour after one previous caesarean delivery compared with ERCD for low risk women in Ireland.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of milk composition (i.e., protein level and protein:fat ratio), stir-out time, and pressing duration on curd moisture and yield.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The potential of near infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with partial least squares regression to predict Miscanthus xgiganteus and short rotation coppice willow quality indices was examined. Moisture, calorific value, ash and carbon content were predicted with a root mean square error of cross validation of 0.90% (R(2) = 0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF