Cell type transcriptional identities are maintained in cultured human brain tissue.

It is becoming more broadly accepted that human-based models are needed to better understand the complexities of the human nervous system and its diseases. The recently developed human brain organotypic culture model is one highly promising model that requires the involvement of neurosurgeons and neurosurgical patients. Studies have investigated the electrophysiological properties of neurons in such human tissues, but the maintenance of other cell types within explanted brain remains largely unknown.

Common AAV gene therapy vectors show indiscriminate transduction of living human brain cell types.

The development of cell-type-specific gene therapy vectors for treating neurological diseases holds great promise, but has relied on animal models with limited translational utility. We have adapted an organotypic model to evaluate adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction properties in living slices of human brain tissue. Using fluorescent reporter expression and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we found that common AAV vectors show broad transduction of normal cell types, with protein expression most apparent in astrocytes; this work introduces a pipeline for identifying and optimizing AAV gene therapy vectors in human brain samples.

Alzheimer's disease risk gene CD2AP is a dose-sensitive determinant of synaptic structure and plasticity.

CD2-Associated protein (CD2AP) is a candidate susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, but its role in the mammalian central nervous system remains largely unknown. We show that CD2AP protein is broadly expressed in the adult mouse brain, including within cortical and hippocampal neurons, where it is detected at pre-synaptic terminals. Deletion of Cd2ap altered dendritic branching and spine density, and impaired ubiquitin-proteasome system activity.

Sensory Symptoms Across the Lifespan in People With Cerebral Palsy.

Background: To estimate the prevalence of sensory symptoms in people with cerebral palsy (CP) across the lifespan.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the self-reported Sensory Processing Scale Inventory (SPS-I) was administered via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) between February 1, 2022, and August 15, 2022, to people with CP or their caregivers enrolled in the online MyCP Community Registry. We determined the association between SPS-I scores and age (Pearson correlation) and functional status as assessed using five validated functional classification systems for CP (analysis of variance [ANOVA]).

Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Connectivity to the Basolateral Amygdala Modulates Food Intake.

Obesity results from excessive caloric input associated with overeating and presents a major public health challenge. The hypothalamus has received significant attention for its role in governing feeding behavior and body weight homeostasis. However, extrahypothalamic brain circuits also regulate appetite and consumption by altering sensory perception, motivation, and reward.

Endoscopic Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion (L-ALIF), which employs laparoscopic cameras to facilitate a less invasive approach, originally gained traction during the 1990s but has subsequently fallen out of favor. As the envelope for endoscopic approaches continues to be pushed, a recurrence of interest in laparoscopic and/or endoscopic anterior approaches seems possible. Therefore, evaluating the current evidence base in regard to this approach is of much clinical relevance.

Functional Foods in Dermatology.

Functional foods, defined as whole foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutritional value, may provide multiple dermatologic benefits. Research studies have documented multiple benefits, including enhanced skin barrier function, improved wound healing, radiance, photoprotection, and hormonal regulation. Although the majority of research to date has involved small-scale human interventions or animal models, promising findings have been noted.

Co-transmitting interneurons in the mouse olfactory bulb regulate olfactory detection and discrimination.

Co-transmission of multiple neurotransmitters from a single neuron increases the complexity of signaling information within defined neuronal circuits. Superficial short-axon cells in the olfactory bulb release both dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), yet the specific targets of these neurotransmitters and their respective roles in olfaction have remained unknown. Here, we implement intersectional genetics in mice to selectively block GABA or dopamine release from superficial short-axon cells to identify their distinct cellular targets, impact on circuit function, and behavioral contribution of each neurotransmitter toward olfactory behaviors.

Oxytocin signaling is necessary for synaptic maturation of adult-born neurons.

Neural circuit plasticity and sensory response dynamics depend on forming new synaptic connections. Despite recent advances toward understanding the consequences of circuit plasticity, the mechanisms driving circuit plasticity are unknown. Adult-born neurons within the olfactory bulb have proven to be a powerful model for studying circuit plasticity, providing a broad and accessible avenue into neuron development, migration, and circuit integration.

Predictors of Extreme Hospital Length of Stay After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Hospital length of stay (HLOS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important metric of injury severity, resource utilization, and access to post-acute care services. Risk factors for protracted HLOS after TBI require further characterization.

Methods: Data regarding adult inpatients admitted to a single U.

Labeling Laws for Personal Care Products: Potential Pitfalls for The Consumer.

Consumers of personal care products must be made aware of the potential pitfalls that arise from current labeling practices and regulations. For example, terms such as "hypoallergenic", "sensitive skin", and "baby product" lack legal definitions, and terms such as "fragrance-free" are frequently misinterpreted. Personal care products are a general category that includes such items as cosmetics, drugs, dietary supplements, and consumer goods.

Skin, Hair, and Nail Supplements: Marketing and Labeling Concerns.

Background and objective Dietary supplements advertised to "boost collagen" or for "skin, hair, and nail" health are becoming increasingly popular, despite a lack of evidence to support their use. These products are not regulated by the United States (U.S.

Safety Concerns of Skin, Hair and Nail Supplements in Retail Stores.

Background: Dietary supplements promoted for "skin, hair, and nail" health are becoming increasingly popular, although there is a lack of regulatory oversight. As no centralized database or repository for these supplements is available, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of supplements in a sample of retail stores, with a focus on safety concerns.

Methods: Dermatology supplements were defined as those that featured the words "skin", "hair", "nails", "beauty", or "glow" in the product name or tagline.

An Anti-Wrinkle Diet: Nutritional Strategies to Combat Oxidation, Inflammation and Glycation.

There is growing awareness of the complex link between nutrition and skin. In the last few decades, our understanding of this link has grown significantly with research findings from multiple laboratory, animal, and human studies. From the impact of diet on clinical features of aging skin, to documentation of the biochemical and histologic changes that occur, our understanding of this link continues to expand and evolve.