Changes to acute-care hospitalizations among Indigenous children and youth: Results from the 2006 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts.

Background: This study described the differences in the hospitalization rates of First Nations children and youth living on and off reserve, Inuit children and youth living in Inuit Nunangat (excluding Nunavik), and Métis children and youth, relative to non-Indigenous children and youth and examined rate changes across 2006 and 2011.

Data And Methods: The 2006 and the 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts provided five years of hospital records that Statistics Canada linked to peoples' self-reported Indigenous identity as recorded on the census. Causes of hospitalizations were based on the most responsible diagnosis coded according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada, aggregated by chapter code.

Do cancer incidence and mortality rates differ among ethnicities in Canada?

Background: Cancer incidence rates have been shown to vary by ethnicity, and the increasing awareness of and interest in reporting ethnic health inequalities have been growing internationally. The objective of this study was to assess cancer incidence and mortality rates by ethnicity in Canada.

Data And Methods: The study used the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort, linked to the Canadian Cancer Registry and the Canadian Vital Statistics-Death Database, to determine cancer cases and mortality from 2006 to 2016.

Acute-care hospitalizations among First Nations people, Inuit and Métis: Results from the 2006 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts.

Background: The objective of this study was to describe sex-specific hospitalization rates among Indigenous people in Canada (excluding Quebec), separately for First Nations people living on and off reserve, Inuit living in Inuit Nunangat (excluding Nunavik), Métis, and the non-Indigenous population.

Data And Methods: The 2006 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs) were used, allowing hospital records to be examined by Indigenous identity as reported on the census. Five years of hospitalization data were used for each CanCHEC.

Life expectancy of First Nations, Métis and Inuit household populations in Canada.

Background: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada has called upon the federal government to provide data on a number of health indicators, including life expectancy among First Nations people, Métis and Inuit. In Canada, estimating the life expectancy of Indigenous populations is methodologically challenging since death registrations do not usually collect information on whether the deceased was Indigenous. For the first time in Canada, a series of census-mortality linked datasets has been created that can be used to estimate life expectancies among Indigenous household populations enumerated by a census.

Smoking correlates among Inuit men and women in Inuit Nunangat.

Background: Although rates of daily smoking among Inuit have been decreasing since 1991, Inuit are still much more likely to smoke relative to the Canadian population as a whole. However, little population-based empirical research has identified characteristics associated with cigarette use among this population.

Data And Methods: Based on data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, sex-specific logistic regression analyses, informed by an Inuit social determinants of health framework, described associations between current smoking and selected socio-demographic characteristics among Inuit men and women aged 18 or older who resided in Inuit Nunangat.

Family networks and health among Métis aged 45 or older.

Background: Social networks are important for promoting and maintaining health and well-being. Social networks, including family and friendship ties, are sources of emotional, practical and other support that enhance social participation and help combat isolation and loneliness. Aboriginal seniors have been identified as a population at risk of social isolation.

Acute care hospitalization of Aboriginal children and youth.

Background: Research that has examined Aboriginal children's hospitalization rates at the national level has been limited to analyses of areas with large percentages of Aboriginal residents, rather than of Aboriginal individuals. This study uses linked census and administrative data to describe hospitalization patterns among children and youth aged 0 to 19, by Aboriginal identity, for all provinces and territories except Quebec.

Data And Methods: The 2006 Census was linked to the 2006/2007-to-2008/2009 Discharge Abstract Database, which contains hospital records from all acute care facilities (except Quebec).

Smoking prevalence among Inuit in Canada.

Using data from the 1991, 2001 and 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, this study examines the prevalence of smoking among Inuit aged 15 or older, by location of residence, sex and age group. Overall, the prevalence of daily smoking was significantly lower in 2012 than in 1991; this was true for Inuit living inside and outside Inuit Nunangat, for men and women, for most age groups, and for those in all Inuit regions except Nunavik. The average number of cigarettes smoked per day by daily smokers decreased steadily and significantly over time, except among those living outside Inuit Nunangat or in Nunavik, and those aged 55 or older.

Acute care hospitalization by Aboriginal identity, Canada, 2006 through 2008.

Background: National data about acute care hospitalization of Aboriginal people are scarce. This study addresses that information gap by describing patterns of hospitalization by Aboriginal identity for leading diagnoses for all provinces and territories except Quebec.

Data And Methods: The 2006 Census was linked to the 2006/2007-to-2008/2009 Discharge Abstract Database, which contains hospital records from all acute care facilities in Canada (excluding Quebec).

Validation of the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) in the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.

Background: The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a short measure of non-specific psychological distress, which has been shown to be a sensitive screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for anxiety and mood disorders. The scale has yet to be validated as a measure of psychological distress for Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

Data And Methods: Using the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), this study examined the psychometric properties of the K10 for First Nations people living off reserve, Métis, and Inuit aged 15 or older.

Housing and health among Inuit children.

Background: Housing conditions have been associated with child health. Inuit children are generally in poorer health than other Canadian children. They are also more likely to live in crowded households, in dwellings that need major repair, and to be exposed to second-hand smoke in the home.

Unintentional injury hospitalizations and socio-economic status in areas with a high percentage of First Nations identity residents.

Background: Few national studies of hospitalizations due to injuries among the First Nations population have been conducted.

Data And Methods: Based on 2004/2005 to 2009/2010 data from the Discharge Abstract Database, this study examines associations between unintentional injury hospitalizations, socio-economic status and location relative to an urban core in Dissemination Areas (DAs) with a high percentage of First Nations identity residents versus a low percentage of Aboriginal identity residents.

Results: Unintentional injury hospitalization rates were higher in the less affluent and the most remote DAs.

The cultural narratives of Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers: using a historical perspective to explore the relationships among collective relative deprivation, in-group entitativity, and collective esteem.

Responding to calls to contextualize social psychological variables in history, the present research examines the relationship between collective relative deprivation and collective esteem using a historical perspective. We hypothesized that collective relative deprivation perceived to be experienced during an important low-point in a group's history serves to define the group's current collective identity, which is in turn associated with collective esteem. In Study 1, cultural narrative interviews were conducted with Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers in order to identify key historical chapters for these groups and to examine the extent to which historical low-points were identity-defining features of their narratives.