Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome - a European socioeconomic perspective.

Background: Short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) is a rare but devastating medical condition. An absolute loss of bowel length forces the patients into parenteral support dependency and a variety of medical sequelae, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Interdisciplinary treatment may include therapy with the effective but expensive intestinotrophic peptide teduglutide.

A budget impact analysis of a powered hybrid mattress to prevent pressure ulcers in the Austrian inpatient setting: An original research.

Background And Aims: Pressure ulcer is a considerable health problem and is associated with an increased hospital length of stay (LOS), nursing effort, costs, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this analysis is to compare the economic, clinical, and nursing benefit after the implementation of the powered hybrid mattress Dyna-Form Mercury Advance SMARTcare® in 2019 with the situation in 2017 (rental systems Arjo BariAir® and Arjo TheraKair Visio®, and purchased foam mattresses Arjo Simuflex®) using a single center.

Methods: In the framework of a budget impact analysis, a difference-in-difference approach was used to compare pre-implementation longitudinal data (2017) with post-implementation data (2019).

Cost-effectiveness of NT-proBNP-supported screening of chronic heart failure in patients with or without type 2 diabetes in Austria and Switzerland.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with a global burden. Signs and symptoms of HF are nonspecific and often shared with other conditions. The N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) serves as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of HF not only in patients with acute symptoms but also in outpatients with an ambiguous clinical presentation.

The cost-of-illness and burden-of-disease of treatment-resistant depression in Austria.

Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in major depressive disorder (MDD) is most commonly defined as the failure to respond to at least two antidepressant (AD) treatments of adequate duration and adherence. While the health care utilization (RU) and costs of patients with MDD are well documented, little is known about patients with TRD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the direct medical RU of complex therapy pathways and to analyze the total cost-of-illness and the burden-of-disease in Austria.

Impact of metabolic surgery on cost and long-term health outcome: a cost-effectiveness approach.

Background: The increase in obesity has become a major public health concern. Morbid obesity is associated with co-morbidities, reduced quality-of-life, and death. Metabolic surgery (MS) is the most effective treatment for obesity.

Health-related quality of life, work productivity and costs related to patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Austria.

Objective: Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease (IBD) is a lifelong illness with significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The disease-burden causes work productivity impairment, such as sick-leave and restriction of leisure time activities. From a societal perspective, productivity loss often contributes significantly to the total costs.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of apixaban compared to other direct oral anticoagulants for prevention of stroke in Austrian atrial fibrillation patients.

Objectives: Several direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been approved by the European Medicines Agency since 2008. The aim of the present cost-effectiveness-analysis was to analyze apixaban compared to other DOACs and vitamin K antagonists (warfarin) in Austria.

Methods: A cost-utility-model was developed to simulate lifetime-costs and quality-adjusted-life-years of DOACs and warfarin, based on a published Markov-Model and 23 randomized trials with 94,656 atrial-fibrillation (AF) patients.

Economic impact of industry-sponsored clinical trials of pharmaceutical products in Austria.

Modern pharmaceutical product development is a long and complex process associated with significant investments by pharmaceutical companies. The innovative pharmaceutical industry accounts for the vast majority of expenditures in clinical trials of potential new pharmaceuticals and therefore generates economic activity within a country. The aim was to assess the far-reaching economic impact of industry-sponsored clinical-trials (ISCTs) of pharmaceutical products for the healthcare system and the national economy.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Landiolol, an Ultrashort-Acting Beta-Blocker, for Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation for the Germany Health Care System.

Objectives: Landiolol is an ultrashort-acting beta-blocker with high beta-1 receptor affinity and less blood pressure-lowering properties than other beta-blockers available for intravenous use in Germany. The present analysis aimed to determine whether perioperative treatment with landiolol in cardiac surgical patients is cost-effective under the conditions of the German Diagnosis-Related Groups health cost reimbursement system.

Design: On the basis of clinical outcome data from a meta-analysis that included 622 patients from 7 randomized controlled trials, a decision-model was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of landiolol versus standard-of-care (SoC).

Approaches to Capturing Value in Oncology.

This article sets out to describe different value frameworks in the field of new developments in oncology. Since the costs of new oncological therapies follow a steep path, their implementation and financing demand a thorough assessment. This is an ambitious task due to the complex nature of oncological treatments within overall health policy.

Introduction and Overview.

The overall aim of this book is to set out the main changes needed in the field of economic and regulatory conditions as a consequence of these rapid developments in oncology. The traditional approaches of health economics, like health economic evaluation, health technology assessment (HTA), modeling methods, assessing value, pricing techniques, are bound to be altered in the contributions to this book. It is understandable that with the life-threatening diagnosis of cancer the new treatment options need to be accompanied by the best available health economic tools.

Cost-utility analysis of alemtuzumab in comparison with interferon beta, fingolimod, and natalizumab treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Austria.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic progressive, demyelinating, inflammatory disease, affects 2.5 million people worldwide. Approximately 63% of cases are classified as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) at the time of diagnosis.

Cost-utility analysis of fracture risk assessment using microRNAs compared with standard tools and no monitoring in the Austrian female population.

Background: Osteoporosis poses an immense burden to the society in terms of morbidity, mortality and financial cost. To reduce this burden, it is essential to accurately assess the individual patient's fracture risk and, where indicated, to initiate appropriate treatment that reduces fracture probability. Current screening and monitoring approaches include utilization of FRAX®, a web-based country-specific fracture risk assessment tool, and bone mineral density measurement by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA).

Congenital toxoplasmosis in Austria: Prenatal screening for prevention is cost-saving.

Background: Primary infection of Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can be transmitted to the unborn child and may have serious consequences, including retinochoroiditis, hydrocephaly, cerebral calcifications, encephalitis, splenomegaly, hearing loss, blindness, and death. Austria, a country with moderate seroprevalence, instituted mandatory prenatal screening for toxoplasma infection to minimize the effects of congenital transmission. This work compares the societal costs of congenital toxoplasmosis under the Austrian national prenatal screening program with the societal costs that would have occurred in a No-Screening scenario.

Socio-economic aspects of the testing for antibodies in MS-patients under interferon therapy in Austria: a cost of illness study.

Background: According to EU-guidelines testing patients on interferon-beta (IFNb) for the presence of neutralising antibodies (NAb) is recommended; IFNb treatment efficacy of NAb-positive patients equals that of placebo-treated patients. Economic impact of NAb testing in MS patients has not been explored yet. The aim of this analysis is to estimate the impact of NAb testing in RRMS-patients on Austria׳s health-care-system.

Cost-effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in the UK and Germany.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting ∼ 5.2 million people worldwide. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine (CSAI) represents an alternative treatment option for advanced PD with motor fluctuation.

Cost analysis: treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in five European countries.

Objective: Cost-analysis comparing darbepoetin-alfa (DARB), epoetin-alfa (EPO-A), and epoetin-beta (EPO-B) for treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia in Belgium concluded that costs for DARB-treated patients were significantly lower than costs for EPO-A- or EPO-B-treated patients. The objective of the present study was to extend the Belgian analysis to Austria, France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, estimating differences in costs between erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in each country.

Methods: Differences in epidemiology and treatment patterns between countries were adjusted using data from Eurostat, national cancer registries, IMS sales data, and reimbursement and treatment guidelines.

Cost-effectiveness of palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk children, based on long-term epidemiologic data from Austria.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in infants at high risk for severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection, such as premature infants, infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and those with congenital heart disease, based on long-term epidemiologic data from Austria.

Methods: A decision-tree model was used, and the analysis was based on a lifetime follow-up investigating cost-effectiveness of palivizumab versus no RSV infection prevention. The primary perspective of the study was that of the healthcare system, the second that of society.

[Cost of medications in the oncology sector in the context of health economics].

The incidence of cancer has been increasing throughout Europe for decades. In 2003 in Austria, 36,689 people developed malignant tumours, that is 26.7% more than in 1986.

[Guidelines for health-economic evaluations in Austria].

Background: The evaluative health economics is a recent field of research in health economics. Cost-effectiveness decisions play an increasing role, particularly for policy-makers to find systematic decisions under uncertainty. The task is all the more important as the use of innovative health technologies for diagnosis, prevention and treatment is rapidly expanding and thus leads to financial restrictions in health care.

[Theoretical implications of health economic evaluations in an Austrian context].

It is a well acknowledged fact that steep increases in health expenditures are mainly due to improvements in health technologies as well as the ageing of population combined with mounting societal preferences towards health. This "natural" tendency increasingly faces constraints of public budgets. Therefore, both efficiency and effectiveness considerations have to be put in place in order to allocate financial resources in such a way as to foster optimal results.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram: a new SSRI in the first-line treatment of major depressive disorder in Austria.

Objectives: To compare the cost-effectiveness of escitalopram, a new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with (generic) citalopram in the first-line treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Austria.

Methods: A two-path decision analytic model with a 6-month horizon was adapted to the Austrian setting using Austrian clinical guidelines. All patients (aged >or= 18 years) started at the primary successfully treated patient was lower ( currency 115) for care path and were referred to specialist care in the secondary care path in case of insufficient response.