[Addressing Child Sexual Abuse: A Call to Action for Providers in Latin AmericaAbordagem da violência sexual infantil: um chamado à ação para os profissionais da América Latina].

The objective of this communication is to outline the key elements required to train health care providers in various occupations (medicine, psychology, dentistry, nursing, social work, nutrition, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, chemistry, pharmacy, and obstetrics, including midwifery, among others) to address child sexual abuse (CSA) and develop care protocols grounded on evidence-based practices, as well as provide resources to optimize both processes. Training on child and adolescent sexual abuse is an essential component of facing this major challenge in Latin America and allowing health care personnel to fulfill their role of safeguarding the security and well-being of children and adolescents. Developing protocols helps health care staff define the roles and responsibilities of individual members, summarize potential red flags of CSA, and describe strategies to best identify and address the health and safety needs of patients and their families, which should include a trauma-informed approach.

The Expansion of Pediatric Care Through Digital Technology.

In this commentary, we hope to offer examples of how technology is building connections and agencies are working creatively to reduce disparities in digital technology access to improve the lives of children and adolescents across the globe.

Telemedicine: a Bridge Over Knowledge Gaps in Healthcare.

Purpose Of The Review: The purpose of the review is to describe the Brazilian Telemedicine University Network RUTE concerning the Special Interest Group of Children and Adolescents, the new SIG-COVID19-BR activities for continuing medical education, and to update relevant information regarding diagnosis and treatment, using digital technologies.

Recent Findings: A total of 145 sessions of video and webconferences were held with the participation of 6575 health professionals, including medical students, interns, and residents. Major topics involved the healthcare of children and adolescents were combined with the emergence of a new pandemic plus the need to decrease the professional knowledge gaps in geographically distant hospitals.

Experts' opinion for improving global adolescent vaccination rates: a call to action.

Worldwide, lifestyle and resource disparities among adolescents contribute to unmet health needs, which have crucial present and future public health implications for both adolescents and broader communities. Risk of infection among adolescents is amplified by biological, behavioral, and environmental factors; however, infectious diseases to which adolescents are susceptible are often preventable with vaccines. Beyond these concerns, there is a lack of knowledge regarding adolescent vaccination and disease risk among parents and adolescents, which can contribute to low vaccine uptake.

Abusive head trauma in children: a literature review.

Objective: To review the scientific literature on pediatric abusive head trauma as a form of physical abuse against infants and young children, highlighting the prevalence, signs and symptoms, consequences, risk factors for its occurrence, and prevention strategies.

Data Source: The MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed, using the terms "shaken baby syndrome" and "abusive head trauma" in English, Spanish, and Portuguese.

Data Synthesis: Pediatric abusive head trauma is defined as injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a infant or child younger than 5 years due to intentional abrupt impact and/or violent shaking.

Health rights, health ethics, and adolescence: addressing current challenges, ensuring a just future.

This article presents a discussion of the human rights declarations that address adolescent health, including reference to specific articles in the declarations that address this population; examples of ethical issues related to health that are faced by adolescents, their families, and providers who care for them; and ethical principles and frameworks that can serve as a basis for consideration of these issues. The article also includes examples of circumstances that pose ethical dilemmas for clinicians and adolescent clients and their families.

Children, adolescents, and war: the systematic engagement of youth in collective violence.

Increasingly health personnel are called on to address the needs of adolescents affected by armed conflict. Adolescents suffer as combatants, direct and indirect casualties, as dependents of combatants, and as citizens of countries whose resources are destroyed and/or consumed by war and other forms of organized violence. Survivors of war, ex-child soldiers, refugees, and others are found today in cities on all continents.

[The relation between pubertal gynecomastia and body mass index in a sample of adolescents attended at the Outpatient Health Unit of a University Hospital].

Objective: To evaluate the association between pubertal gynecomastia and body mass index for age.

Methods: A sample of 109 cases was selected from the adolescent outpatient health unit, with ages between 11 and 19 years old at Pedro Ernesto University Hospital. Anthropometric measures of weight, height, mammary horizontal diameter and sexual maturation stage were collected.

Adolescent medicine with a 100 year perspective.

Adolescent medicine was born out of scientific advances from a wide variety of disciplines, changes in societal mores and the explosion of technology that occurred during the 20th century. The past 100 years of clinical practice and research have provided a wealth of information that has improved our understanding of the biologic and physical development of adolescents as well as the epidemiology of high-risk adolescent behaviors. The present challenge for all providers of health care to adolescents is to continue to examine the effect of these high-risk behaviors and develop mechanisms to address and limit the impact of these behaviors, just as the scientists and practitioners of the 20th century made great strides in treatment and cure of medical illnesses.