The implications of listening during political conversations for democracy.

There is a dearth of research on listening in the context of political conversation. Yet there is theoretical reason to believe that political listening could be an important pathway toward several democratically important outcomes including increased exposure to difference, mutual understanding, and decreased polarization. Unfortunately, listening in political contexts associated with deeply held moral beliefs and strong social identities may be among the most difficult settings for listening to flourish.

Low-temperature collisional quenching of NO A(2)Σ(+)(v' = 0) by NO(X(2)Π) and O2 between 34 and 109 K.

We present measurements of collisional fluorescence quenching cross sections of NO(A(2)Σ(+), v' = 0) by NO(X(2)Π) and O2 between 34 and 109 K using a pulsed converging-diverging nozzle gas expansion, extending the temperature range of previous measurements. The thermally averaged fluorescence quenching cross sections for both species show a monotonic increase as temperature decreases in this temperature range, consistent with earlier observations. These new measurements, however, allow discrimination between predictions obtained by extrapolating fits of previous data using different functional forms that show discrepancies exceeding 120% for NO and 160% for O2 at 34 K.

An integrated model of communication influence on beliefs.

How do people develop and maintain their beliefs about science? Decades of social science research exist to help us answer this question. The Integrated Model of Communication Influence on Beliefs presented here combines multiple theories that have considered aspects of this process into a comprehensive model to explain how individuals arrive at their scientific beliefs. In this article, we (i) summarize what is known about how science is presented in various news and entertainment media forms; (ii) describe how individuals differ in their choices to be exposed to various forms and sources of communication; (iii) discuss the implications of how individuals mentally process information on the effects of communication; (iv) consider how communication effects can be altered depending on background characteristics and motivations of individuals; and (v) emphasize that the process of belief formation is not unidirectional but rather, feeds back on itself over time.

Enhanced virus isolation by use of the transporter for a regional laboratory.

Transporter tubes with fibroblast monolayers were compared with sucrose-phosphate-glutamate buffer for transport of 385 specimens to a regional laboratory for virus culture. Ninety-two (91%) of 101 viral isolates were recovered in cell culture from the Transporter, as compared with 82 (81%) from sucrose-phosphate-glutamate buffer. Twenty-five (24.

Bound immunoglobulin and foreign antigen in lungs of sudden infant death syndrome victims.

Lung sections from 33 infants who died suddenly and unexpectedly and were diagnosed by medical examiners as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) gave evidence of bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) when examined by direct fluorescent antibody technique. Ten tissues from appropriate control infants were negative. Specimens containing IgG exhibited no IgA or IgE, but three contained IgM.

Cytological changes related to Brucella canis variants uptake in vitro.

In this study, evidence for in vitro uptake, invasion, and cytopathogonomic effects of normal and variant strains of B. canis on tissue culture, is presented. B.

Specific detection of mycobacteria by the immunofluorescent technique.

Using an indirect immunofluorescent technique, M. bovis var. BCG can be differentiated from M.

Microcapsules on Streptococcus mutans serotypes by electron microscopy.

Extracellular microcapsules have been demonstrated on cells of most serotypes of Streptococcus mutans by electron microscopy, using bacterial strains of the various serotypes and peroxidase labeled or unlabeled immune serum. A correlation was noted between the amount of capsular substance on the strains of S mutans examined and degree of antigenicity as expressed by the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) title. A serotype d strain was shown to lose both antigenicity as determined by the FA reaction and capsular material as seen by electron microscopy with repeated in vitro passage.

Adsorption of Pseudomonas pseudomallei cytophilic antibodies onto rabbit alveolar macrophages.

Cytophilic antibody has been demonstrated in sera from rabbits immunized with Pseudomonas pseudomallei. This antibody passively adsorbed onto normal rabbit alveolar macrophages rendered the macrophages agglutinable by P. pseudomalei antigens and capable of displaying 'rosette' formation with polysaccharide-sensitized erythrocytes.

Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes and influenza in an animal model.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of viruses in the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. The organisms used in this study were: Listeria monocytogenes Type 1 isolated from a local fatal case; Mouse adapted influenza A/PR8/34 (HONI); Streptococcus pneumoniae Group B (U.M.

Interaction between Pseudomonas pseudomallei and cultured rabbit peritoneal macrophages.

The interaction between two strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei of different virulence with normal and immune rabbit peritoneal macrophages was compared in vitro. Phagocytic activity of macrophages and bacterial survival within macrophages were dependent upon the virulence of the bacterial strain and the immune status of the macrophages. Virulent bacteria were more resistant than the less virulent strain to phagocytosis and destruction.

Induction of microbial variants of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in cultured rabbit alveolar macrophages.

Cultured alveolar and peritoneal macrophages obtained from normal and immunized rabbits were used to induce wall-defective microbial variants of Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Variants were iduced only by normal alveolar macrophages. The variants reverted to typical Pseudomonas forms either spontaneously or upon transfer into broth or agar.

Direct fluorescent-antibody method for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis from sputa or tracheal aspirates from humans.

A direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) method was applied to sputum or tracheal aspirate from 68 patients with clinical or radiological evidence suggesting Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, and to 50 control patients. P. carinii was detected by DFA in specimens from 33 of the 69 clinical cases and 3 of the 50 controls.

Development and evaluation of a direct fluorescent antibody method for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infections in experimental animals.

Because no fully satisfactory diagnostic method has been available for use in pneumocystis infection, an attempt was made to apply the fluorescent antibody technique in the identification of Pneumocystis carinii. Hyperimmune sera were prepared in rabbits against P. carinii from human and rat sources.

Characteristics of Escherichia coli serotypes in the yanomama, a primitive indian tribe of South America.

From stool samples of isolated subjects from members of the Yanomama tribe of South America, 432 isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained from 72 individuals. Two hundred and four of these strains were typable with a standard panel of 147 O antisera; included in the above were eight enteropathogenic strains. From the untypable strains, antisera were produced, and 13 serologically distinct O serotypes were identified.