Removing Endotoxin from Metallic Biomaterials with Compressed Carbon Dioxide-Based Mixtures.

Bacterial endotoxins have strong affinity for metallic biomaterials because of surface energy effects. Conventional depyrogenation methods may not eradicate endotoxins and may compromise biological properties and functionality of metallic instruments and implants. We evaluated the solubilization and removal of E.

Synthesis and reactions of partially reduced biisoquinolines.

An improved synthesis of the 1,1',2,2',3,3',4,4'-octahydro-1.1'-biisoquinoline ring system is described. The reactivity of this system has been investigated, including the unusually high basicity of the parent compound and its N.