Visual Field Progression in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Purpose: To determine the rate of visual field (VF) loss before and after the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS).

Design: Pre-specified analyses of data collected prospectively in a clinical trial with extended follow-up.

Setting And Participants: Participants who developed POAG during OHTS 1 and 2 (February 1994 to December 2008) constitute an inception cohort.

Quality of Life and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Importance: If preperimetric glaucoma reduces patient-reported vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), clinicians might consider earlier and more aggressive treatment of some patients with ocular hypertension and early glaucoma.

Objective: To determine the impact of preperimetric glaucoma and early glaucomatous visual field (VF) loss on participants' VRQoL compared with participants who did not develop glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from participants enrolled in the OHTS from 1994 to 1996 who completed 20-year examination follow-up and VRQoL surveys from January 7, 2016, to November 19, 2019.

Striving Toward Better Eye Health Beyond Our Waiting Rooms: The LXXX Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture.

Purpose: Visual impairment (VI) negatively impacts the quality of lives of individuals and the optimal health of populations, creating both human and financial costs. Yet, VI has not risen to a level that is considered a priority in population health. This analysis assesses the evidence currently available for strengthening the value proposition for eye health, particularly the demographic characteristics and patient-centered outcomes found in clinical research.

Addressing Structural Racism Using a Whole-Scale Planning Process in a Single Academic Center.

Purpose: The murder of George Floyd in 2020 prompted a national demand for cultural transformation to confront the systemic racism prevalent in the country. Academic medical centers were not exempt from this urgent call. This article evaluates the efficacy of a strategic process in fostering cultural transformation within an academic medical system.

Operationalizing inclusion: moving from an elusive goal to strategic action.

To mitigate the structural and institutional biases that contribute to inequities in health, we need a diverse cadre of individuals to feel included and advance within our field in order to bring a multicultural set of perspectives to the studies we conduct, the science we generate, the health and academic systems we design, and the medical and scientific knowledge we impart. There has been increasing focus on diversity, inclusion, and equity in recent years; however, often these terms are presented without adequate precision and, therefore, the inability to effectively operationalize inclusion and achieve diversity within organizations. This narrative review details several key studies, with the primary objective of presenting a roadmap to guide defining, measuring, and operationalizing inclusion within work and learning environments.

Asserting Accountability to Address Diversity: Report Card as a System of Measurement.

Problem: To the best of our knowledge, there are no standard accountability measures for diversity efforts at the departmental level. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate a multiprong report card as a structure for evaluation, tracking, and reporting as well as to examine any relationships between expenditures and outcomes.

Approach: We instituted an intervention that offered leadership a report card of metrics related to diversity efforts.

Understanding Contributors to Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Throughput Times: a Sequential Mixed Methods Analysis.

Background: Ensuring equitable care remains a critical issue for healthcare systems. Nationwide evidence highlights the persistence of healthcare disparities and the need for research-informed approaches for reducing them at the local level.

Objective: To characterize key contributors in racial/ethnic disparities in emergency department (ED) throughput times.

Assessment of Cumulative Incidence and Severity of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study After 20 Years of Follow-up.

Importance: Ocular hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Data from long-term follow-up can be used to inform the management of patients with ocular hypertension.

Objective: To determine the cumulative incidence and severity of POAG after 20 years of follow-up among participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Assessment of Perceptions of Professionalism Among Faculty, Trainees, Staff, and Students in a Large University-Based Health System.

Importance: With a renewed focus on medical professionalism, an opportunity exists to better define its standards and application to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse workforce given the important association between interprofessional behavior and patient care.

Objective: To examine the context of how professionalism is operationalized and perceived in diverse health care work and learning environments.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A qualitative mixed-methods analysis of survey data collected from February to April 2015, was conducted followed by analysis of narrative data collected in June 2017.

The Influence of Gender and Underrepresented Minority Status on Medical Student Ranking of Residency Programs.

Background: Physician diversity is linked to improved quality of care of diverse patient populations. The transition from medical school to residency is an opportunity to improve and increase workforce diversity in all specialties. However, there is limited published literature on the factors contributing to the ranking of residency programs on women and underrepresented minorities (URMs).

Is Newer Necessarily Better? The Evolution of Incisional Glaucoma Surgery Over the Last 100 Years.

Purpose: To examine the progress made in glaucoma incisional surgery and determine if there has been sufficient progress to meet the needs of glaucoma patients.

Design: Perspective (literature review).

Methods: This is a retrospective assessment of key milestones in the evolution of glaucoma incisional surgery and an evaluation of the risks and the benefits of these procedures.

Strategic planning as a tool for achieving alignment in academic health centers.

After the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in March 2010, there is an urgent need for medical schools, teaching hospitals, and practice plans to work together seamlessly across a common mission. Although there is agreement that there should be greater coordination of initiatives and resources, there is little guidance in the literature to address the method to achieve the necessary transformation. Traditional approaches to strategic planning often engage a few leaders and produce a set of immeasurable initiatives.