We report a case of a 57 years old woman with a solitary mass located in the pelvis diagnosed as an extrarenal papillary renal cell carcinoma, in the absence of a primary renal cancer. The diagnosis was based on cytomorphological features and further confirmed by immunochemistry findings following surgical excision. The hypothesis of a tumor developing in a supernumerary or ectopic kidney was excluded, since no normal renal tissue could be identified in the specimen and in the preoperative computed tomography and MRI images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCollision tumors are neoplasms coexisting in the some anatomical area. The most common combination is melanocytic nevus with basal cell carcinoma. Melanocytic nevus with basal cell carcinoma constitutes the most common cutaneous combination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is rare. Most cases arise from a cystic teratoma or less frequently from Brenner tumor or endometriosis. We reviewed 36 cases of primary ovarian SCC reported in the literature including a case diagnosed and treated in our institution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Treatment strategies for breast cancer continue to evolve. No uniformity exists in the UK for the management of node-positive breast cancer patients. Most centres continue to use conventional histopathology of sampled sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), which requires delayed axillary clearance in up to 25% of patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe proliferative activity of breast tumors, which is routinely estimated by counting of mitotic figures in hematoxylin and eosin stained histology sections, is considered to be one of the most important prognostic markers. However, mitosis counting is laborious, subjective and may suffer from low inter-observer agreement. With the wider acceptance of whole slide images in pathology labs, automatic image analysis has been proposed as a potential solution for these issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNodal status is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. Established tests such as touch imprint cytology and frozen sections currently used in the intra-operative setting show variations in sensitivity and specificity. This limitation has led to the development of molecular alternatives, such as GeneSearch, a commercial intra-operative real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) assay that allows the surgeon to carry out axillary clearance as a one-step process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast cancers with nodal isolated tumour cells (ITC) and micrometastases are categorised as node-negative and node-positive, respectively, in the tumour node metastasis (TNM) classification. Two recently published interpretations of the TNM definitions were applied to cases of low-volume sentinel lymph node (SLN) involvement and their corresponding non-SLNs for reclassification as micrometastasis or ITC. Of the 517 cases reviewed, 82 had ITC and 435 had micrometastasis on the basis of one classification, and the number of ITC increased to 207 with 310 micrometastases on the basis of the other.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The early indicator for the subject predisposed to gastric cancer is abnormal proliferation of gastric epithelial cells, such as atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia, which have been considered as precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. To determine whether p53 protein, cyclins D1, and D3, and p27(kip1) play a role in the carcinogenesis pathway of gastric cancer, we performed an immunohistochemical study of their expression in gastric precancerous lesions.
Methods: A total of 1 45 endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens of AG, IM, and gastric dysplasia were studied.
Background: Lymphangiogenesis, an essential process in the metastasis of malignant tumors, has not been thoroughly studied. The possibility of using it to define subsets of patients with different prognosis in cancer could be of vital clinical importance.
Materials And Methods: Fifty patients (5 women, 45 men; mean age, 64.
A high incidence of IgA nephropathy has been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis, though, clinically evident nephrotic syndrome is very uncommon. Impaired hepatic clearance of circulating IgA immune complexes and subsequent deposition in renal glomeruli has been considered principally in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis associated IgA nephropathy. Here we report on a patient with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis and splenic vein thrombosis, who presented with nephrotic syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) is an important mediator of estrogen function in a variety of tissues. Its expression declines in breast, ovarian, prostatic and colon carcinomas as well as in astrocytic tumours. BAG-1 is a multifunctional protein with an important role in neoplasia and is possibly regulated by estrogen receptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Bcl-2 protein prolongs cell survival in the face of classical apoptotic stimuli, and is considered to be a suppressor of apoptosis. Bax plays a key role in apoptosis by accelerating cell death after an apoptotic stimulus. The aim of our study was to determine the roles of the Bax proapoptotic gene and the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic gene in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Genetic instability is a characteristic feature of familial and sporadic breast carcinomas. It is not clear whether defects in the mismatch repair system accompany this instability. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of two of the proteins encoded by the DNA mismatch repair genes, namely MLH1 and MSH2, in sporadic in situ and invasive breast carcinomas of various types and grades occurring in Greek patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 70-yr-old man developed cough, chest pain, hemoptysis and a pulmonary infiltrate shortly after initiation of treatment with chlorambucil for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chlorambucil was discontinued and an open lung procedure was performed with complete excision of the pulmonary lesion. The biopsy specimens showed histological alteration consistent with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and C-KIT are involved in tumor progression in several human neoplasms. The aim of the present study has been to investigate their immunohistochemical expression in melanocytic lesions. We examined 11 compound nevi, 12 dysplastic nevi, and 18 melanomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) is the second identified receptor mediating the effects of estrogen on target tissues. The role of ERbeta in cancer pathobiology is largely unknown, because specific antibodies have not been available until recently. Initial studies have shown that ERbeta expression declines in breast, ovarian, prostatic, and colon carcinomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Tumor angiogenesis is an absolute requirement for tumor growth and a prognostic factor for various malignant neoplasms. Recent reports in the literature have addressed the importance of the VEGF system in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and adenocarcinoma, however the results are controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the levels of VEGF expression and vascularity in BPH and prostate carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe identification of an outer layer of myoepithelial cells is a valuable clue in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Myoepithelial cells can usually be appreciated with standard hematoxylin-eosin stains, however in pathology practice one encounters difficult cases, particularly in core biopsy specimens. There are several reported markers for the immunohistochemical detection of myoepithelial cells.
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