Helicobacter pylori Management in Africa: A Survey of Diagnostic, Treatment, and Related Resources.

Background: Although Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) prevalence in Africa has declined in the last decade, it remains concerningly high. H.

Synergistic effects of novel penicillin-binding protein 1A amino acid substitutions contribute to high-level amoxicillin resistance of .

The growing resistance to amoxicillin (AMX)-one of the main antibiotics used in eradication therapy-is an increasing health concern. Several mutations of penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP1A) are suspected of causing AMX resistance; however, only a limited set of these mutations have been experimentally explored. This study aimed to investigate four PBP1A mutations (i.

Malaria infection among adults residing in a highly endemic region from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Background: Adults infected with Plasmodium spp. in endemic areas need to be re-evaluated in light of global malaria elimination goals. They potentially undermine malaria interventions but remain an overlooked aspect of public health strategies.

The landscape of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a mapping systematic review.

Context: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), one of the most malaria-affected countries worldwide, is a potential hub for global drug-resistant malaria. This study aimed at summarizing and mapping surveys of malaria parasites carrying molecular markers of drug-resistance across the country.

Methods: A systematic mapping review was carried out before July 2023 by searching for relevant articles through seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, African Journal Online, African Index Medicus, Bioline and Web of Science).

Comparative genomics of two Vietnamese Helicobacter pylori strains, CHC155 from a non-cardia gastric cancer patient and VN1291 from a duodenal ulcer patient.

Helicobacter pylori is involved in the etiology and severity of several gastroduodenal diseases; however, plasticity of the H. pylori genome makes complete genome assembly difficult. We report here the full genomes of H.

Mutations Related to Antibiotics Resistance in Clinical Isolates from Bangladesh.

Current management of gastric inflammation involves the eradication of . However, the effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics against infection has decreased due to antibiotic resistance. Phenotypic-based diagnostics are laborious and finding the cause of resistance can be difficult.

Age-adjusted impact of prior COVID-19 on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine response.

More people with a history of prior infection are receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Understanding the level of protection granted by 'hybrid immunity', the combined response of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity, may impact vaccination strategies through tailored dosing. A total of 36 infected ('prior infection') and 33 SARS-CoV-2 'naïve' individuals participated.

Antibody Avidity Maturation Following Recovery From Infection or the Booster Vaccination Grants Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Capacity.

Background: Cross-neutralizing capacity of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is important in mitigating (re-)exposures. Role of antibody maturation, the process whereby selection of higher affinity antibodies augments host immunity, to determine SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity was investigated.

Methods: Sera from SARS-CoV-2 convalescents at 2, 6, or 10 months postrecovery, and BNT162b2 vaccine recipients at 3 or 25 weeks postvaccination, were analyzed.

Detecting Waning Serological Response with Commercial Immunoassays: 18-Month Longitudinal Follow-up of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibodies.

Past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an important determinant of protection from reinfection and of postvaccine immune responses. Herein, we conducted a follow-up analysis of health care workers previously infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the aim of evaluating different immunoassays for their capability in detecting the waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses and accuracy in documenting past SARS-CoV-2 infections. We evaluated serum antinucleocapsid antibody levels in convalescent individuals following a 1.

High-Resolution Linear Epitope Mapping of the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Recipients.

The prompt rollout of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine is facilitating population immunity, which is becoming more dominant than natural infection-mediated immunity. In the midst of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine deployment, understanding the epitope profiles of vaccine-elicited antibodies will be the first step in assessing the functionality of vaccine-induced immunity. In this study, the high-resolution linear epitope profiles of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine recipients and COVID-19 patients were delineated by using microarrays mapped with overlapping peptides of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy and relevance of a novel ELISA system developed for seroepidemiologic surveys of Helicobacter pylori infection in African settings.

Beside diagnostic uncertainties due to the lack of a perfect gold standard test for Helicobacter pylori infection, the diagnosis and the prevalence estimation for this infection encounter particular challenges in Africa including limited diagnostic tools and specific genetic background. We developed and evaluated the accuracy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system tailored for H. pylori genetics in Africa (HpAfr-ELISA).

Pepsinogen and Serum IgG Detection Is a Valuable Diagnostic Method for Infection in a Low-Prevalence Country: A Report from Sri Lanka.

The use of serum anti- IgG and pepsinogen (PG) detection as a diagnostic method was evaluated in Sri Lanka. Gastric biopsies were performed (353 patients), and the prevalence of infection was 1.7% (culture) and 2.

Helicobacter pylori infection and antibiotic resistance - from biology to clinical implications.

Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen for which increasing antibiotic resistance constitutes a serious threat to human health. Molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance have been intensively studied and are discussed in this Review. Three profiles of resistance - single drug resistance, multidrug resistance and heteroresistance - seem to occur, probably with overlapping fundamental mechanisms and clinical implications.

Serum Helicobacter pylori antibody reactivity in seven Asian countries using an automated latex aggregation turbidity assay.

Background And Aim: To determine the application range of diagnostic kits utilizing anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody, we tested a newly developed latex aggregation turbidity assay (latex) and a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (E-plate), both containing Japanese H. pylori protein lysates as antigens, using sera from seven Asian countries.

Methods: Serum samples (1797) were obtained, and standard H.

Spatial and molecular mapping of Pfkelch13 gene polymorphism in Africa in the era of emerging Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin: a systematic review.

The spread of Plasmodium falciparum isolates carrying mutations in the kelch13 (Pfkelch13) gene associated with artemisinin resistance (PfART-R) in southeast Asia threatens malaria control and elimination efforts. Emergence of PfART-R in Africa would result in a major public health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the frequency and spatial distribution of Pfkelch13 mutants in Africa, including mutants linked to PfART-R in southeast Asia.

Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Virulence Potentials of Strain KE21 Isolated from a Kenyan Patient with Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma.

() infection is etiologically associated with severe diseases including gastric cancer; but its pathogenicity is deeply shaped by the exceptional genomic diversification and geographic variation of the species. The clinical relevance of strains colonizing Africa is still debated. This study aimed to explore genomic features and virulence potentials of KE21, a typical African strain isolated from a native Kenyan patient diagnosed with a gastric cancer.

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Whole Bacterial Genome for Tracking Molecular Insight into the Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Isolates from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is increasingly needed to guide the () treatment but remains laborious and unavailable in most African countries. To assess the clinical relevance of bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based methods for predicting drug susceptibility in African , 102 strains isolated from the Democratic Republic of Congo were subjected to the phenotypic AST and next-generation sequencing (NGS). WGS was used to screen for the occurrence of genotypes encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

A Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Approach to Identify Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Cambodian Clinical Isolates.

We evaluated the primary resistance of () to routinely used antibiotics in Cambodia, an unexplored topic in the country, and assessed next-generation sequencing's (NGS) potential to discover genetic resistance determinants. Fifty-five strains were successfully cultured and screened for antibiotic susceptibility using agar dilution. Genotypic analysis was performed using NGS data with a CLC genomic workbench.