Applied Nanotechnology and Nanoscience in Orthopedic Oncology.

Nanomedicine is based on the fact that biological molecules behave similarly to nanomolecules, which have a size of less than 100 nm, and is now affecting most areas of orthopedics. In orthopedic oncology, most of the in vitro and in vivo studies have used osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma cell lineages. In this article, tumor imaging and treatment nanotechnology applications, including nanostructure delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy, and the role of nano-selenium-coated implants, are outlined.

Total scapulectomy and constrained reverse total shoulder reconstruction for a Ewing's sarcoma.

Background: Total scapulectomy and intra-articular resection of the glenohumeral joint indicates the Malawer Type III shoulder girdle resection.

Materials And Methods: The modified Tikhoff-Linberg total scapulectomy and constrained reverse total shoulder reconstruction for a Ewing's sarcoma of the scapula is presented. A combined approach has been used.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the perineum.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is an aggressive tumor with significant metastatic potential. A 40-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic mass at the left ischial fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 9x6-cm mass with variable signal intensity and cystic formations.

Pathological fractures in primary bone sarcomas.

Pathological fractures in patients with primary bone sarcomas should not be considered an absolute indication for amputation. Initial fracture management should include cast immobilisation or external fixation avoiding tumour-cell dissemination. The extent of fracture displacement and the type of fracture stabilisation may affect the outcome of patients with primary bone sarcomas presenting with pathological fractures.

Ewing's sarcoma of the hip presenting as a benign cystic lesion.

A 14-year-old girl with a Ewing's sarcoma of the left femoral head and neck is presented. The imaging features mimicked a benign cystic lesion. Biopsy and molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis.

Advances and challenges in diagnosis and management of skeletal metastases.

The treatment of metastatic disease remains challenging. The number of patients who will be diagnosed with metastatic bone disease will continue to increase as survival from the primary cancer diagnosis continues to improve. Although it often is impossible to cure these patients, the task of maximizing their quality of life must be met with valiant efforts.

Survivorship analysis in patients with periosteal chondrosarcoma.

Unlabelled: To investigate outcome and identify prognostic factors, we retrospectively reviewed 24 consecutive patients with periosteal chondrosarcomas. There were 17 males and seven females with a mean age of 37.6 years (range, 15-73 years).

Current trends in the management of extra-abdominal desmoid tumours.

Extra-abdominal desmoid tumours are slow-growing, histologically benign tumours of fibroblastic origin with variable biologic behaviour. They are locally aggressive and invasive to surrounding anatomic structures. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice for the diagnosis and the evaluation of the tumours.

Minimally invasive techniques in orthopedic oncology: radiofrequency and laser thermal ablation.

Image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation is a safe and effective method to reduce pain in patients with painful bone tumors. Computed tomography-guided radiofrequency or laser ablation is the modality of choice for most osteoid osteomas. Radiofrequency or laser thermal ablation also offers an alternative method for palliation of localized, painful osteolytic metastatic lesions.

Lateral malleolus en bloc resection and ankle reconstruction for malignant tumors.

Unlabelled: Four children and six adults required en bloc resection of the lateral malleolus for malignant tumors. There were four osteosarcomas, three chondrosarcomas, two Ewing's sarcomas, and one adamantinoma. Surgical margins were wide in seven patients, marginal in two, and intralesional in one.

Use of a vaccine strain of measles virus genetically engineered to produce carcinoembryonic antigen as a novel therapeutic agent against glioblastoma multiforme.

Despite the most aggressive medical and surgical treatments, glioblastoma multiforme remains incurable with a median survival of <1 year. We investigated the antitumor potential of a novel viral agent, an attenuated strain of measles virus (MV), derived from the Edmonston vaccine lineage, genetically engineered to produce carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). CEA production as the virus replicates can serve as a marker of viral gene expression.

Clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, and treatment of fibrosarcoma of bone.

Fibrosarcoma of bone is a relatively rare tumor; it accounts for less than 5% of bone sarcomas. The anatomical sites most commonly involved are the metaphyses of long tubular bones. Local pain, swelling, limitation of motion, and pathologic fracture are the common clinical signs and symptoms.