This scientific commentary refers to 'Beyond the cochlea: exploring the multifaceted nature of hearing loss in primary mitochondrial diseases', by Koohi . (https://doi.org/10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: In this study, we investigated the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and exercise on cognition in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).
Methods: A literature search was performed using the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. The time interval used for database construction was up to February 2024; the collected trials were subsequently screened, and the data were extracted.
Recent evidence shows that it is possible to identify the elements responsible for sensorineural hearing loss, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophages, by performing perilymph sampling. However, current studies have only focused on the diagnosis of such as otologic conditions. Hearing loss is a feature of certain neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is widely detected in Alzheimer's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudying the relationship between cerebral oxygen utilization and cognitive impairment is essential to understanding neuronal functional changes in the disease progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explores the potential of using venous susceptibility in internal cerebral veins (ICVs) as an imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Quantitative susceptibility mapping derived from fully flow-compensated MRI phase data was employed to directly measure venous blood oxygen saturation levels (SO) in the ICVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBalo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare subtype of multiple sclerosis. Advanced MRI metrics, such as magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and the ratio of total N-acetylaspartate concentration/total creatine concentration (tNAA/tCr) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS), are commonly used in research studies to investigate the effect of a disease modifying therapy (DMT). We report a patient diagnosed with BCS, receiving ocrelizumab, and provide a comparison of the lesion volume, T1-gadolinium lesion volume, MTR, FA, MD, and MRS metrics at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system by causing inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. Fatigue is the most prevalent and one of the most disabling symptoms among people with MS (pwMS). Due to its complexity and subjective character, fatigue is still little understood despite its frequent occurrence and severe impact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudying the relationship between cerebral oxygen utilization and cognitive impairment is essential to understanding neuronal functional changes in the disease progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explores the potential of using venous susceptibility in internal cerebral veins (ICVs) as an imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Quantitative susceptibility mapping derived from fully flow-compensated MRI phase data was employed to directly measure venous blood oxygen saturation levels (SO) in the ICVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate choroid plexus (CP) volume as a biomarker for predicting clinical disability and retinal layer atrophy in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
Methods: Ninety-five RRMS patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs) underwent 3 T whole brain MRI, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fully automated intra-retinal segmentation was performed to obtain the volumes of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), combined ganglion cell layer -inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), total macular volume (TMV) and papillomacular bundle (PMB).
Purpose: Although lesion dissemination in time is a defining characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a limited understanding of lesion heterogeneity. Currently, conventional sequences such as fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1-weighted (T1W) data are used to assess MS lesions qualitatively. Estimating water content could provide a measure of local tissue rarefaction, or reduced tissue density, resulting from chronic inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Microbes, including bacteria and certain viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been linked to the pathogenesis of MS. While there is currently no cure for MS, antibiotics and antivirals have been studied as potential treatment options due to their immunomodulatory ability that results in the regulation of the immune process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMult Scler Relat Disord
November 2023
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) associated cognitive impairment is believed to be mostly connected with damage to gray matter. The contribution of white matter is still poorly understood. We aim to examine the relationship between cognition and white matter tracts among relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To examine the extent to which three sociobehavioral proxies of cognitive reserve-years of education, education quality, and cognitive enrichment-differ in their prediction of cognitive performance among Black and White people with MS (PwMS).
Methods: 82 PwMS (Black n = 41, White n = 41) underwent a neurological examination and a neuropsychological evaluation that included tests of word recognition (Wechsler Test of Adult Reading) as well as measures of verbal memory, visuospatial memory, and processing speed (the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS; BICAMS). Participants rated their lifetime engagement in various cognitively-enriching activities (Cognitive Reserve Scale).
Background: Black/African American patients with multiple sclerosis (BpwMS) and Hispanic/Latino patients with multiple sclerosis (HpwMS), who historically have been underrepresented in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials, exhibit greater disease severity and more rapid disease progression than White patients with MS (WpwMS). The lack of diversity and inclusion in clinical trials, which may be due to barriers at the system, patient and study levels, impacts the ability to effectively assess risks, benefits and treatment responses in a generalized patient population.
Methods: CHIMES (Characterization of Ocrelizumab in Minorities With Multiple Sclerosis), an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase IV study of self-identified BpwMS and HpwMS aged 18-65 years with relapsing MS and an Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) of ≤5.
Chronic olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs in approximately 10% of patients with COVID-19-induced anosmia, and it is a growing public health concern. A regimen of olfactory training and anti-neuroinflammatory therapy with co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide with luteolin (um-PEA-LUT) has shown promising results in clinical trials; however, approximately 15% of treated patients do not achieve full recovery of a normal olfactory threshold, and almost 5% have no recovery. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), which are used to treat autoimmune neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS), have not been studied for treating persistent inflammation in refractory post-COVID-19 smell disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCentral nervous system (CNS) atrophy provides valuable additional evidence of an ongoing neurodegeneration independent of lesion accrual in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, there are limitations for interpretation of CNS volume changes at individual patient-level. Patients are receiving information on the topic of atrophy through various sources, including media, patient support groups and conferences, and discussions with their providers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To examine the optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of the retina in patients with chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) and compare them with those of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with and without optic neuritis (ON), and healthy controls (HC). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we used spectral domain OCT to evaluate the retinal structure of 14 participants with CRION, 22 with NMOSD, 40 with RRMS with unilateral ON, and 20 HC. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), total macular volume (TMV), and papillomacular bundle (PMB) were measured, and intra-retinal segmentation was performed to obtain the retinal nerve fiber (RNFL), ganglion cell (GCL), inner plexiform (IPL), inner nuclear (INL), outer plexiform (OPL) and outer nuclear (ONL) layer volumes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Investig Med High Impact Case Rep
August 2022
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic neurocutaneous disorder that presents with multi-organ involvement, including but not limited to hamartomas in the brain, eyes, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and skin. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating, central nervous system disorder, targeting the optic nerves and spinal cord. We report a 30-year-old woman with TSC who developed tingling in the legs that gradually involved her abdomen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmell alteration and cognitive impairment are common features of the Long-COVID Syndrome. Mental clouding, often described as brain fog, might affect smell by altering recollection of odors or through a share mechanism of neuroinflammation. We investigated mental clouding, headache, and cognitive function in adult patients with persistent COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive imaging modality for identifying inflammatory and/or demyelinating lesions, which is critical for a clinical diagnosis of MS and evaluating drug responses. There are many unique means of probing brain tissue status, including conventional T1 and T2 weighted imaging (T1WI, T2WI), T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), magnetization transfer, myelin water fraction, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), phase-sensitive inversion recovery and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), but no study has combined all of these modalities into a single well-controlled investigation. The goals of this study were to: compare different MRI measures for lesion visualization and quantification; evaluate the repeatability of various imaging methods in healthy controls; compare quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with myelin water fraction; measure short-term longitudinal changes in the white matter of MS patients and map out the tissue properties of the white matter hyperintensities using STAGE (strategically acquired gradient echo imaging).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo study the effect of obesity on retinal structures in African Americans (AAs) and Caucasian Americans (CAs) with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). About 136 patients with RRMS without history of optic neuritis were divided into two groups, based on body mass index (BMI): 67 obese (40 AA, 27 CA, mean BMI ± SD: 36.7 ± 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpilepsy, a common disorder affecting 1-2% of the population, can significantly impact a person's quality of life and can lead to disability or even death [...
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground High efficacy disease modifying therapies (DMT) in the management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have a favorable effect on relapse rate and disability progression; however, they can expose patients to significant risks, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Objective The study aims to investigate prognostic factors that can determine outcome in MS-related PML patients. Methods We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of 194 patients from 62 articles in PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The interplay between cortical surface thickness (CTh), subcortical volumes (SCV) and disability in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is still not clear.
Objective: To examine the relationship between CTh, SCV, and disability and investigate differences in CTh, SCV and disability between African Americans (AA) and Caucasian Americans (CA).
Methods: Sixty-five RRMS (33AA, 32 CA) participants underwent Expanded Disability Status Scale and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) assessments, including timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), nine-hole peg test (9HPT) on dominant (D) and non-dominant hand (ND) and paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT-3).
Dementia and hearing loss share radiologic and biologic findings that might explain their coexistence, especially in the elderly population. Brain atrophy has been observed in both conditions, as well as the presence of areas of gliosis. The brain atrophy is usually focal; it is located in the temporal lobe in patients with hearing loss, while it involves different part of brain in patients with dementia.
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