Primary medullary adenocarcinoma of the colon: Literature review and case series.

Aims: Medullary carcinoma of the colon is a rare subtype of adenocarcinoma, first described in 1999. Clinically known to have a favourable prognosis in comparison to poorly differentiated cancers, it is associated with deficient mismatch repair. This is an observational single center study of patients with medullary cancer, and comparison with the current literature.

Behavior change techniques in low-calorie and very low-calorie diet interventions for weight loss: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: There is limited evidence and clinical guidelines on the behavior change support required for low-calorie diet programs. This systematic review aimed to establish the behavior change technique(s) (BCT) implemented in weight loss interventions (≤1200 kcal/d) and how these contribute to effectiveness.

Methods: Databases were searched from inception to April 2022.

Optimism for a global plastics treaty.

The lack of consensus at the United Nations (UN) global plastics treaty negotiations in December may seem like a setback, but declaring the talks a failure is premature. The process has not collapsed but has been extended, with further negotiations anticipated in 2025. This offers a crucial opportunity for the scientific community to assert its role in shaping a robust, evidence-based agreement to address the global plastic pollution crisis.

Quantitative Analysis of Nonhistone Lysine Methylation Sites and Lysine Demethylases in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Growing evidence shows that lysine methylation is a widespread protein post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates protein function on histone and nonhistone proteins. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the dysregulation of lysine methylation mediators contributes to cancer growth and chemotherapeutic resistance. While changes in histone methylation are well-documented with extensive analytical techniques available, there is a lack of high-throughput methods to reproducibly quantify changes in the abundances of the mediators of lysine methylation and nonhistone lysine methylation (Kme) simultaneously across multiple samples.

Evolutionary conservation of midline axon guidance activity between and Frazzled.

The regulation of midline crossing of axons is of fundamental importance for the proper development of nervous system connectivity in bilaterian animals. A number of conserved axon guidance signaling pathways coordinate to attract or repel axons at the nervous system midline to ensure the proper regulation of midline crossing. The attractive Netrin-Frazzled/DCC (Net-Fra) signaling pathway is widely conserved among bilaterians, but it is not clear whether the mechanisms by which Net and Fra promote midline crossing are also conserved.

Ultra-fast single-crystal CVD diamonds in the particle time-of-flight (PTOF) detector for low yield burn-history measurements on the NIF (invited).

The Particle Time of Flight (PTOF) diagnostic is a chemical vapor deposition diamond-based detector and is the only diagnostic for measuring nuclear bang times of low yield (<1013) shots on the National Ignition Facility. Recently, a comprehensive study of detector impulse responses revealed certain detectors with very fast and consistent impulse responses with a rise time of <50 ps, enabling low yield burn history measurements. At the current standoff of 50 cm, this measurement is possible with fast 14 MeV neutrons from deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion plasmas.

Do Routine Postoperative Radiographs Influence the Management of Distal Radius Fractures Following Volar Locking Plate Fixation?

Background: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are a common orthopaedic injury, often requiring surgical intervention. Routine postoperative radiographs are frequently obtained after surgical fixation to ensure adequacy of fixation and rule out early complications, yet their necessity remains unclear. Through this study, we tried to evaluate the impact of routine postoperative radiographs on the management of DRFs.

Denoising low-field MR images with a deep learning algorithm based on simulated data from easily accessible open-source software.

In this study, we introduce a denoising method aimed at improving the contrast ratio in low-field MRI (LFMRI) using an advanced 3D deep convolutional residual network model. Our approach employs synthetic brain imaging datasets that closely mimic the contrast and noise characteristics of LFMRI scans, addressing the limitation of available in-vivo LFMRI datasets for training deep learning models. In the simulation data, the Relative Contrast Ratio (RCR) increased, and similar improvements were observed in the in-vivo data across different imaging conditions.

Brief Report: Phase II Clinical Trial of Atezolizumab in Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients Previously Treated With PD-1-Directed Therapy.

Background:: Prospective data of sequencing PD-L1 inhibition after PD-1 inhibition is limited in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report a phase II clinical trial of atezolizumab following PD-1 directed therapy (NCT03014648).

Methods:: Previously treated advanced NSCLC patients were enrolled in cohorts based on response to prior nivolumab or pembrolizumab therapy; progressive disease (Cohort 1); stable disease (Cohort 2), or partial or complete response (Cohort 3).

Evaluating the financial case for investing in, or divesting from, tobacco investments.

Background: Tobacco Free Portfolios urges institutions to pledge against investing in, and to withhold financial services from, tobacco companies. Their goal is to create a 'tobacco-free world'. They argue that without financial and investor support, these companies' operations will become less sustainable.

A Phase 1a/1b Study of Fostroxacitabine Bralpamide (Fostrox) Monotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Solid Tumor Liver Metastases.

Purpose: To evaluate safety, preliminary efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, of fostroxacitabine bralpamide (fostrox, MIV-818), a novel oral troxacitabine nucleotide prodrug designed to direct exposure to the liver, while minimizing systemic toxicity.

Patients And Methods: Fostrox monotherapy was administered in an open-label, single-arm, first-in-human, phase 1a/1b study, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, or solid tumor liver metastases. The first part (1a) consisted of intra/inter-patient escalating doses (3 mg to 70 mg) QD for up to 5 days, and the second part (1b), doses of 40 mg QD for 5 days, in 21-day cycles.

Overview of the Current Challenges in Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis.

Coccidioidomycosis is a disease caused by soil fungi of the genus , divided genetically into (California isolates) and (isolates outside California). Coccidioidomycosis is transmitted through the inhalation of fungal spores, arthroconidia, which can cause disease in susceptible mammalian hosts, including humans. Coccidioidomycosis is endemic to the western part of the United States of America, including the central valley of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of western Texas.

What is the real value of omics data? Enhancing research outcomes and securing long-term data excellence.

A wealth of high-throughput biological data, of which omics constitute a significant fraction, has been made publicly available in repositories over the past decades. These data come in various formats and cover a range of species and research areas providing insights into the complexities of biological systems; the public repositories hosting these data serve as multifaceted resources. The potentially greater value of these data lies in their secondary utilization as the deployment of data science and artificial intelligence in biology advances.