Rejuvenating the immune system.

Rejuvenation of elementary immune system components has emerged as a promising strategy to deal with increased susceptibility to infections, cancers, autoimmune disorders, and low efficacy to vaccines, frequently accompanying aging. In this context, the thymus has gained significant attention. A recent study by Santamaria et al.

Generation of a selective senolytic platform using a micelle-encapsulated Sudan Black B conjugated analog.

The emerging field of senolytics is centered on eliminating senescent cells to block their contribution to the progression of age-related diseases, including cancer, and to facilitate healthy aging. Enhancing the selectivity of senolytic treatments toward senescent cells stands to reduce the adverse effects associated with existing senolytic interventions. Taking advantage of lipofuscin accumulation in senescent cells, we describe here the development of a highly efficient senolytic platform consisting of a lipofuscin-binding domain scaffold, which can be conjugated with a senolytic drug via an ester bond.

Decoding T cell senescence in cancer: Is revisiting required?

Senescence is an inherent cellular mechanism triggered as a response to stressful insults. It associates with several aspects of cancer progression and therapy. Senescent cells constitute a highly heterogeneous cellular population and their identification can be very challenging.

Robotic Single Anastomosis Duodenal-ileal Bypass With Sleeve Gastrectomy (SADI-S) for Morbid Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Background/aim: The global obesity epidemic has seen a dramatic increase in prevalence since 1975, posing significant health and economic challenges worldwide. Robotic-assisted single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a promising surgical intervention for morbid obesity, offering potential advantages over traditional laparoscopic approaches in terms of precision, safety, and recovery outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted SADI-S, focusing on perioperative and postoperative outcomes including intraoperative complications, operative time, conversion rates, mortality, length of hospital stay, weight loss, and postoperative complications.

A Single Center, Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Topical Application of ReGenerating Tissue Agents (RGTA) Technology in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Clinical data from the use of ReGenerating Tissue Agents (RGTA) technology in patients with DFUs are scarce. The objective of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of RGTA technology in the management of DFUs.

Sigmoid Colon Intraluminal Obstruction by a Detached Recurrent Ascending Colon Liposarcoma.

Primary liposarcoma of the colon is extremely rare in the literature. We present a case of a 51-year-old male patient with recurrent ascending colon liposarcoma, which caused obstructive ileus, just a few days prior to his scheduled elective operation and led us to expedite his surgery. The procedure was scheduled to be a robotic right colectomy.

Eradication Reverses DNA Damage Response Pathway but Not Senescence in Human Gastric Epithelium.

infection induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) and consequently activates the DNA Damage Response pathway (DDR) and senescence in gastric epithelium. We studied DDR activation and senescence before and after the eradication of the pathogen. Gastric antral and corpus biopsies of 61 patients with infection, prior to and after eradication treatment, were analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence for DDR marker (γH2AΧ, phosporylated ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (pATM), p53-binding protein (53BP1) and p53) expression.

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) Trigger Cell Death and Senescence in Cancer Cells.

The currently available anti-cancer therapies, such as gamma-radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, induce cell death and cellular senescence not only in cancer cells but also in the adjacent normal tissue. New anti-tumor approaches focus on limiting the side effects on normal cells. In this frame, the potential anti-tumor properties of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) through the irradiation of breast cancer epithelial cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal fibroblasts (FF95) were investigated.

One-step rapid tracking and isolation of senescent cells in cellular systems, tissues, or animal models via GLF16.

Identification and isolation of senescent cells is challenging, rendering their detailed analysis an unmet need. We describe a precise one-step protocol to fluorescently label senescent cells, for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, implementing a fluorophore-conjugated Sudan Black-B analog, GLF16. Also, a micelle-based approach allows identification of senescent cells in vivo and in vitro, enabling live-cell sorting for downstream analyses and live in vivo tracking.

The Association Between Obesity and Spontaneous Temporal Bone CSF Leak Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: We undertook a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to identify the role of obesity (BMI ≥30) in the patient characteristics presenting with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks of the lateral skull base and the outcomes of their repair.

Data Sources: A Systematic Review of English Articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.

Review Methods: The research algorithm included the following keywords: "spontaneous CSF leak," "lateral skull base," "temporal bone," "meningocele," "encephalocele," and "otorrhea.

Senescent cells in giant cell arteritis display an inflammatory phenotype participating in tissue injury via IL-6-dependent pathways.

Objectives: Age is the strongest risk factor of giant cell arteritis (GCA), implying a possible pathogenetic role of cellular senescence. To address this question, we applied an established senescence specific multimarker algorithm in temporal artery biopsies (TABs) of GCA patients.

Methods: 75(+) TABs from GCA patients, 22(-) TABs from polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients and 10(-) TABs from non-GCA/non-PMR patients were retrospectively retrieved and analysed.

A fluorophore-conjugated reagent enabling rapid detection, isolation and live tracking of senescent cells.

Cellular senescence is a stress-response mechanism implicated in various physiological processes, diseases, and aging. Current detection approaches have partially addressed the issue of senescent cell identification in clinical specimens. Effective methodologies enabling precise isolation or live tracking of senescent cells are still lacking.

Targeting senescence and inflammation in chronic destructive TNF-driven joint pathology.

We had shown that administration of the senolytic Dasatinib abolishes arthritis in the human TNF transgenic mouse model of chronic destructive arthritis when given in combination with a sub-therapeutic dose of the anti-TNF mAb Infliximab (1 mg/kg). Herein, we found that while the number of senescent chondrocytes (GL13/Ki67), assessed according to guideline algorithmic approaches, was not affected by either Dasatinib or sub-therapeutic Infliximab monotherapies, their combination reduced senescent chondrocytes by 50 %, which was comparable to levels observed with therapeutic Infliximab monotherapy (10 mg/kg). This combination therapy also reduced the expression of multiple factors of senescence-associated secretory phenotype in arthritic joints.

Escape from senescence: molecular basis and therapeutic ramifications.

Cellular senescence constitutes a stress response mechanism in reaction to a plethora of stimuli. Senescent cells exhibit cell-cycle arrest and altered function. While cell-cycle withdrawal has been perceived as permanent, recent evidence in cancer research introduced the so-called escape-from-senescence concept.

Decoding of translation-regulating entities reveals heterogeneous translation deficiency patterns in cellular senescence.

Cellular senescence constitutes a generally irreversible proliferation barrier, accompanied by macromolecular damage and metabolic rewiring. Several senescence types have been identified based on the initiating stimulus, such as replicative (RS), stress-induced (SIS) and oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). These senescence subtypes are heterogeneous and often develop subset-specific phenotypes.

The Dual Role of Oxidative-Stress-Induced Autophagy in Cellular Senescence: Comprehension and Therapeutic Approaches.

The contemporary lifestyle of the last decade has undeniably caused a tremendous increase in oxidative-stress-inducing environmental sources. This phenomenon is not only connected with the rise of ROS levels in multiple tissues but is also associated with the induction of senescence in different cell types. Several signaling pathways that are associated with the reduction in ROS levels and the regulation of the cell cycle are being activated, so that the organism can battle deleterious effects.

Patterns of Associated Knee Ligament and Chondral Injuries in First-Time Traumatic Patellar Dislocation: A Retrospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -Based Study.

Introduction First-time acute traumatic patellar dislocation, when managed without a knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, may lead to missed diagnoses of important associated knee injuries. The aim of this study was to ascertain the incidence of associated ligamentous and cartilaginous injuries in first-time traumatic patella dislocation. Methods  This was a five-year retrospective study on patients aged 16-45 who had knee MRI scans showing the characteristic bone bruise patterns seen in traumatic lateral patellar dislocation.

Cellular senescence and cardiovascular diseases: moving to the "heart" of the problem.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the prime cause of global mortality, with an immense impact on patient quality of life and disability. Clinical evidence has revealed a strong connection between cellular senescence and worse cardiac outcomes in the majority of CVDs concerning both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. Cellular senescence is characterized by cell cycle arrest accompanied by alterations in several metabolic pathways, resulting in morphological and functional changes.

[Burnout and dependence among medical personnel timeless and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using surgery and anesthesia as examples].

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affects the mental health and professional behavior of surgeons and anesthesiologists and seems to have an impact on substance dependence.

Question: What are the reasons for the occurrence of substance dependence and burnout in surgeons and anesthesiologists timelessly and during the COVID-19 pandemic and what improvement measures could help in the clinical practice?

Material And Methods: A literature search was conducted in the form of a systematic review of studies and review articles relevant to the topic.

Results: Over the years it has been shown that surgeons and anesthesiologists are prone to drug dependence due to their direct access to medications in the clinical field and work-related stress.

War Psychiatry: Identifying and Managing the Neuropsychiatric Consequences of Armed Conflicts.

War refugees and veterans have been known to frequently develop neuropsychiatric conditions including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders that tend to leave a long-lasting scar and impact their emotional response system. The shear stress, trauma, and mental breakdown from overnight displacement, family separation, and killing of friends and families cannot be described enough. Victims often require years of mental health support as they struggle with sleep difficulties, recurring memories, anxiety, grief, and anger.

Fate and future of the medical students in Ukraine: A silently bubbling educational crisis.

Jain et al. reflect on the Russia‐Ukraine war and argue that although there is a broad consensus on the need for intervention, focus should be on providing immediate accommodative measures.

Reply: Identification of coronavirus particles by electron microscopy: a complementary tool for deciphering COVID-19.

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