Biomarkers.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease, Aβ triggers tau spreading which drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. However, the mechanistic link between Aβ and tau remains unclear, which hinders therapeutic efforts to attenuate Aβ-related tau accumulation. Preclinical research could show that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity-dependent manner, and Aβ was shown to trigger neuronal hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease, Aß triggers tau spreading which drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. However, the mechanistic link between Aß and tau remains unclear, which hinders therapeutic efforts to attenuate Aß-related tau accumulation. Preclinical research could show that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity-dependent manner, and Aß was shown to trigger neuronal hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity.

Patient activation improves with a multi-component personalized mHealth intervention in older patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of a multi-component mHealth intervention on patient activation and examine its predictors among older adults at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods And Results: This pilot randomized controlled trial compared two groups: Get FIT (control), who received healthy lifestyle counselling from a licensed health coach, a mHealth app (MyFitnessPal) with push alerts, and an activity tracker, and Get FIT + (intervention), who received the same interventions and had personalized text messages with 3- and 6-month follow-up periods. Patient activation was measured using the 13-item Patient Activation Measure; higher scores indicated better activation.

The Added Value of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography to Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Staging of Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

Background And Objective: The role of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local staging of prostate cancer (PC) has been poorly addressed so far. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT and MRI, alone and combined, for detection of extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in PC.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study evaluating patients undergoing PSMA PET/CT and MRI before radical prostatectomy.

Emerging Radiopharmaceuticals in Pet Imaging for Mesothelioma: A Review of [F]FDG Alternatives.

Mesothelioma is a malignant tumor associated primarily with asbestos exposure, characterized by an aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Accurate diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of therapeutic response are crucial for effective patient management. Along with a computed tomography (CT) scan, fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with fluorine-18 ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is commonly used in mesothelioma evaluation.

Indications for diagnostic whole-body iodine scan: a review of guidelines.

Objectives: Here, we have compiled all key statements derived from these guidelines and delved into details on which scenarios the diagnostic whole-body iodine scan (DxWBIS) might be useful.

Methods: We identified all relevant guidelines by searching the MEDLINE/PubMed databases, Google Scholar, and Ovid from 2006 onwards using keywords related to DxWBIS, RxWBIS, iodine scintigraphy, and iodine scan. We excluded case reports/series, original articles, and clinical trials while including guidelines or consensus opinions.

Evaluation of Tissue Biocompatibility of Calcium Silicate-based and Epoxy Resin-based Sealers.

Introduction: Calcium silicate-based sealers are an alternative to be used into root canal, mainly to their biological properties. However, some biological parameters need to be determined in an animal research model. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the tissue biocompatibility of a calcium silicate-based sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH-Plus).

Causality and Severity of Adverse Reactions and Biochemical Changes to Benznidazole Treatment in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease.

Background: Chagas disease (CD) is a serious public health problem in Latin America. Benznidazole (BNZ) is used for the treatment of CD and, despite its wide use, little information is available about its toxicity and mechanisms of adverse drug reactions (ADR).

Objectives: To identify and classify clinical and laboratory adverse reactions caused by BNZ in terms of causality and severity.

Generalized Kinetic Equations with Fractional Time-Derivative and Nonlinear Diffusion: H-Theorem and Entropy.

We investigate the H-theorem for a class of generalized kinetic equations with fractional time-derivative, hyperbolic term, and nonlinear diffusion. When the H-theorem is satisfied, we demonstrate that different entropic forms may emerge due to the equation's nonlinearity. We obtain the entropy production related to these entropies and show that its form remains invariant.

Bridging the Gap: Reducing Health Inequities in Access to Preventive Health Care Services in Rural Communities in the Philippines.

Introduction: We used an implementation science framework to investigate perceived health inequities in preventive health care initiatives in rural communities in the Philippines. We also identified health equity-focused quality improvement strategies.

Methods: Three health care providers and 12 barangay clinic patients were interviewed.

Point and line defects in checkerboard patterned hybrid nematic films: A computer simulation investigation.

We consider a nematic liquid crystal film confined to a flat cell with homeotropic and planar patterned hybrid anchoring and show, using Monte Carlo simulations, the possibility of the system to stabilize line and point defects. The planar anchoring surface is patterned with a chessboardlike grid of squares with alternating random or parallel homogeneous planar anchoring. The simulations show only line defects when the individual domains are small enough, but also point defects when the domain size is significantly larger than the sample thickness.

The impact of PET imaging on triple negative breast cancer: an updated evidence-based perspective.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. It predominantly affects younger women and is associated with a poor prognosis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current role of positron emission tomography (PET) in the management of TNBC patients and to identify future research directions.

Oligodendrocytes produce amyloid-β and contribute to plaque formation alongside neurons in Alzheimer's disease model mice.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to be neuronally derived in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, transcripts of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloidogenic enzymes are equally abundant in oligodendrocytes (OLs). By cell-type-specific deletion of Bace1 in a humanized knock-in AD model, APP, we demonstrate that OLs and neurons contribute to Aβ plaque burden.

The association of quantitative PSMA PET parameters with pathologic ISUP grade: an international multicenter analysis.

Purpose: To assess if PSMA PET quantitative parameters are associated with pathologic ISUP grade group (GG) and upgrading/downgrading.

Methods: PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with or without pelvic lymph node dissection staged with preoperative PSMA PET at seven referral centres worldwide were evaluated. PSMA PET parameters which included SUV, PSMA, and total PSMA accumulation (PSMA) were collected.

Non-palpable Pulmonary Nodules and Uniportal-VATS: Radio-guided Localization (ROLL) Experience of a Lung Multidisciplinary Team.

Background/aim: Surgical resection with a minimally invasive approach is the standard for diagnosing and treating solitary pulmonary nodules. A computed tomography (CT)-guided technetium-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) injection-based procedure has been employed for small and non-palpable lung nodule radio-guided preoperative localization (ROLL). This procedure is usually followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

Update on Rheumatic Diseases in Clinical Practice: Recent Concepts and Developments.

Diagnostic imaging is essential in the diagnostic process of rheumatic diseases. Given the heterogeneity of this group of diseases and the tremendous impact of novel therapeutic options, guidelines and recommendations regarding the optimal choice of the most appropriate technique/s are continuously revised and radiologists should always be up-to-date. Last, because of the continuous technological innovations, we will assist to the progressive application of advanced techniques and tools in rheumatology.

Advancements in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Imaging and Future Frontiers.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group of tumors with varying clinical behaviors. Their incidence has risen due to increased awareness, improved diagnostics, and aging populations. The 2019 World Health Organization classification emphasizes integrating radiology and histopathology to characterize NENs and create personalized treatment plans.

New target therapies in prostate cancer: from radioligand therapy, to PARP-inhibitors and immunotherapy.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in its advanced stages. Despite progress in early detection and treatment, PCa is the second most common cancer diagnosis among men. This review aims to provide an overview of current therapeutic approaches and innovations in PCa management, focusing on the latest advancements and ongoing challenges.