Impaired dendritic cell differentiation of CD16-positive monocytes in tuberculosis: role of p38 MAPK.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's most pernicious diseases mainly due to immune evasion strategies displayed by its causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Blood monocytes (Mos) represent an important source of DCs during chronic infections; consequently, the alteration of their differentiation constitutes an escape mechanism leading to mycobacterial persistence. We evaluated whether the CD16(+)/CD16(-) Mo ratio could be associated with the impaired Mo differentiation into DCs found in TB patients.

Immune complexes inhibit differentiation, maturation, and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

The interaction between immune complexes (IC) and the receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcgammaRs) triggers regulatory and effector functions in the immune system. In this study, we investigated the effects of IC on differentiation, maturation, and functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). When IC were added on day 0, DC generated on day 6 (IC-DC) showed lower levels of CD1a and increased expression of CD14, MHC class II, and the macrophage marker CD68, as compared with normally differentiated DC.

[Reversion of the immunological eclipse and therapeutic vaccination against cancer in an experimental model].

Although animals can be prophylactically immunized against the growth of tumor implants, most of the attempts to use immunotherapy to cause the regression of animal and human tumors once they become established have been unsuccessful. To understand the nature of this refractoriness we have studied a methylcholanthrene-induced and strongly immunogenic murine fibrosarcoma. In our model, the onset of this refractoriness was associated with the beginning of an immunosuppressive state known as "immunological eclipse" characterized by a loss of the antitumor immune response when tumor grows beyond a critical size.