Oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery in Byzantium.

Introduction: Byzantine physicians (4th-7th and 8th-12th centuries A.D.), especially those interested in Surgery, developed a number of interesting concepts, views and opinions referring to the field now recognized as Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology.

Cranio-maxillofacial injuries in Homer's Iliad.

Introduction: Homer's Iliad, being one of the oldest and greatest European epic poems, is divided into 24 "books" or "rhapsodies", in which war injuries in general, and in particular cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) injuries, are described in a unique and detailed manner.

Material And Method: Homer's Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, translated by A.T.