Pollen contaminated with a triple-action fungicide induced oxidative stress and reduced longevity though with less impact on lifespan in honey bees from well fed colonies.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a triple-action fungicide on bees and whether improved nutrition can ameliorate eventual negative impacts. In cage tests, newly-emerged bees from well fed and from nutritionally-restricted honey bee colonies were fed for five days with pollen from sunflowers that had been sprayed or not with a commercial fungicide containing bixafen, prothioconazole and trifloxystrobin. Bees from well-fed colonies were significantly larger and consumed more uncontaminated pollen.

Detection and estimation of (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) populations on trees.

is an important pest of in the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and natural enemies on the flight activity of adults and the movement of nymphs, with two sampling methods, yellow sticky traps and direct collections on the leaves of trees. The sex ratio of this pest was also assessed.

Can the application of low doses of paraquat induce the hormesis effect in upland rice?

This study aimed to verify the effects of the application of paraquat low doses on the agronomic traits of upland rice in two different application modes. The treatments consisted of a combination of 6 low doses of the paraquat (0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 120 g a.i.

Green Manure Species for Phytoremediation of Soil With Tebuthiuron and Vinasse.

Tebuthiuron is often used to control weed growth in sugarcane cultures. This herbicide is highly toxic and can persist in soil for up to 2 years according to its degradation half-life. Hence, its residual effect is highly hazardous for the environment and local habitants via leaching, surface runoff.

Influence of the production environment on the cultivation of lettuce and arugula with spent mushroom substrate.

After mushroom production, the substrate plus the cultivated mycelium represents a byproduct, the so-called "spent mushroom substrate" (SMS). We evaluated different SMS types in fresh form, recently taken from the cultivation rooms, for the production of lettuce and arugula in the open field, greenhouse and greenhouse in pot. Three kinds of SMS were used (i - SMS of ABL (Agaricus subrufescens), ii - SMS of POS (Pleurotus ostreatus) and iii - 50% SMS of ABL + 50% SMS of POS) at three doses (1, 2 and 4 kg m).

Use of peanut waste for oyster mushroom substrate supplementation-oyster mushroom and peanut waste.

The aim of the research was to verify the influence of macro and micronutrients present in the peanut waste (hulls and nuts) for supplementation of Pleurotus ostreatus substrate. The raw materials for base substrate preparation were Brachiaria dictyoneura, sugarcane bagasse (bulk material), rice and wheat bran, calcitic limestone, and gypsum. The following supplement formulations were used as treatments: (1) 100% peanut hulls, (2) 80% peanut hulls + 20% nuts, (3) 60% peanut hulls + 40% nuts, (4) 40% peanut hulls + 60% nuts, (5) 20% peanut hulls + 80% nuts, and (6) 100% nuts.

Megastigmus seed wasp damage on native Schinus terebinthifolia drupes in ecological restoration area in Brazil.

Megastigmus transvaalensis Hussey (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) parasitizes drupes of Rhus genus plants in Africa and Schinus (Anacardiaceae) in South America. This exotic wasp damages Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi drupes in native forests and ecological restoration areas in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the precipitation, temperature and relative humidity effects on M.