Charting EDA: Characterizing Interactive Visualization Use in Computational Notebooks with a Mixed-Methods Formalism.

Interactive visualizations are powerful tools for Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), but how do they affect the observations analysts make about their data? We conducted a qualitative experiment with 13 professional data scientists analyzing two datasets with Jupyter notebooks, collecting a rich dataset of interaction traces and think-aloud utterances. By qualitatively coding participant utterances, we introduce a formalism that describes EDA as a sequence of analysis states, where each state is comprised of either a representation an analyst constructs (e.g.

What is the Efficacy of Intra-Articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis in Clinical Practice? A "Real-Life" Prospective Cohort.

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may improve symptoms in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a lack of data on its effectiveness in a "real-life" cohort. This multi-site institutional registry study aimed to assess patients' longitudinal progress after PRP injection for knee osteoarthritis.

From Invisible to Visible: Impacts of Metadata in Communicative Data Visualization.

Leaving the context of visualizations invisible can have negative impacts on understanding and transparency. While common wisdom suggests that recontextualizing visualizations with metadata (e.g.

Influence of Sex and Previous Concussion History on Postconcussive Recovery in Young Athletes.

Objective: To determine whether concussed female athletes with a previous history of concussion have longer postconcussive recovery than that of male counterparts.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Outpatient sports medicine clinic in an academic practice.

Patterns and Pace: Quantifying Diverse Exploration Behavior with Visualizations on the Web.

The diverse and vibrant ecosystem of interactive visualizations on the web presents an opportunity for researchers and practitioners to observe and analyze how everyday people interact with data visualizations. However, existing metrics of visualization interaction behavior used in research do not fully reveal the breadth of peoples' open-ended explorations with visualizations. One possible way to address this challenge is to determine high-level goals for visualization interaction metrics, and infer corresponding features from user interaction data that characterize different aspects of peoples' explorations of visualizations.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a High School Football Player With Familial Hemiplegic Migraine: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Mild traumatic brain injury is a major concern in young athletes, with an estimated 1.6-3.8 million reported concussions in the United States annually.

Selective photothermal inactivation of cells labeled with near-infrared croconaine dye.

Photothermal inactivation of cells caused by laser heating of a near-infrared croconaine dye is more effective when the dye is located inside the cell. The cell inactivation is spatially confined - laser irradiation of a mixed population of two different cell lines produces selective inactivation of the cells labeled with croconaine dye and does not harm adjacent unlabeled cells.

Preassembled Fluorescent Multivalent Probes for the Imaging of Anionic Membranes.

A new self-assembly process known as Synthavidin (synthetic avidin) technology was used to prepare targeted probes for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of anionic membranes and cell surfaces, a hallmark of many different types of disease. The probes were preassembled by threading a tetralactam macrocycle with six appended zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) targeting units onto a linear scaffold with one or two squaraine docking stations to produce hexavalent or dodecavalent fluorescent probes. A series of liposome titration experiments showed that multivalency promoted stronger membrane binding by the dodecavalent probe.

HindSight: Encouraging Exploration through Direct Encoding of Personal Interaction History.

Physical and digital objects often leave markers of our use. Website links turn purple after we visit them, for example, showing us information we have yet to explore. These "footprints" of interaction offer substantial benefits in information saturated environments - they enable us to easily revisit old information, systematically explore new information, and quickly resume tasks after interruption.

Advanced Ultrasound-Guided Interventions for Tendinopathy.

Tendinopathy is increasingly recognized as an important cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability. Tendinopathy is thought to be principally a degenerative process, rather than inflammatory as was traditionally believed. Consequently, traditional tendinopathy treatments focused solely on decreasing inflammation have often been ineffective or even harmful.

Pre-Assembly of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Multivalent Molecular Probes for Biological Imaging.

A programmable pre-assembly method is described and shown to produce near-infrared fluorescent molecular probes with tunable multivalent binding properties. The modular assembly process threads one or two copies of a tetralactam macrocycle onto a fluorescent PEGylated squaraine scaffold containing a complementary number of docking stations. Appended to the macrocycle periphery are multiple copies of a ligand that is known to target a biomarker.

High Affinity Macrocycle Threading by a Near-Infrared Croconaine Dye with Flanking Polymer Chains.

Croconaine dyes have narrow and intense absorption bands at ∼800 nm, very weak fluorescence, and high photostabilities, which combine to make them very attractive chromophores for absorption-based imaging or laser heating technologies. The physical supramolecular properties of croconaine dyes have rarely been investigated, especially in water. This study focuses on a molecular threading process that encapsulates a croconaine dye inside a tetralactam macrocycle in organic or aqueous solvent.

Sensitive Structural Control of Macrocycle Threading by a Fluorescent Squaraine Dye Flanked by Polymer Chains.

A macrocyclic tetralactam is threaded by a complementary squaraine dye that is flanked by two polyethylene glycol chains to produce a pseudorotaxane complex with favorable near-infrared fluorescence properties. The association thermodynamics and kinetics were measured for a homologous series of squaraines with different N-alkyl substituents at both ends of the dye. The results show that subtle changes in substituent steric size have profound effects on threading kinetics without greatly altering the very high association constant.

Improving Bayesian Reasoning: The Effects of Phrasing, Visualization, and Spatial Ability.

Decades of research have repeatedly shown that people perform poorly at estimating and understanding conditional probabilities that are inherent in Bayesian reasoning problems. Yet in the medical domain, both physicians and patients make daily, life-critical judgments based on conditional probability. Although there have been a number of attempts to develop more effective ways to facilitate Bayesian reasoning, reports of these findings tend to be inconsistent and sometimes even contradictory.

Rapid Macrocycle Threading by a Fluorescent Dye-Polymer Conjugate in Water with Nanomolar Affinity.

A macrocyclic tetralactam host is threaded by a highly fluorescent squaraine dye that is flanked by two polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains with nanomolar dissociation constants in water. Furthermore, the rates of bimolecular association are very fast with k(on) ≈ 10(6)-10(7) M(-1) s(-1). The association is effective under cell culture conditions and produces large changes in dye optical properties including turn-on near-infrared fluorescence that can be imaged using cell microscopy.

Outcome of Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Repaired With and Without Extracellular Matrix Augmentation: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Purpose: To compare the results of arthroscopic repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) with or without augmentation using an extracellular matrix (ECM) graft and to present ECM graft augmentation as a valuable surgical alternative used for biomechanical reinforcement in any RCT repair.

Methods: We performed a prospective, blinded, single-center, comparative study of patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of a large to massive RCT with or without augmentation with ECM graft. The primary outcome was assessed by the presence or absence of a retear of the previously repaired rotator cuff, as noted on ultrasound examination.

Ultrasound evaluation of focal neuropathies in athletes: a clinically-focused review.

Focal neuropathies represent a rare but clinically important and potentially challenging aetiology of pain in athletes. Diagnostic ultrasound is commonly used in the evaluation of nerve entrapments, and has several advantages over other imaging modalities, including high resolution, portability, lack of ionising radiation, low cost, point-of-care access, ease of contralateral comparison and capability of Doppler and dynamic imaging techniques. In this review, we discuss the use of ultrasound for the evaluation of injuries to the brachial plexus including 'stingers,' suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, common fibular nerve, tibial nerve and interdigital nerves of the foot at selected common sites of entrapment.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided aspiration of an anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cyst: description of technique and case presentation.

An anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cyst is an infrequent but potentially clinically significant cause of knee pain. Although the cyst may be removed surgically, percutaneous ultrasound-guided anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cyst aspiration and injection is feasible. To our knowledge, we present the first reported case description of the utilization of ultrasound guidance to perform this procedure with a successful clinical outcome.

The effects of stretching on performance.

Stretching long has been commonplace in the training programs of recreational and competitive athletes. Its role in performance enhancement has been debated. This review discusses the literature concerning the effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on performance in three categories of sporting activity: strength- and power-dominant, speed- and agility-dominant, and endurance-dominant activities.

Successful treatment of de Quervain tenosynovitis with ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy and platelet-rich plasma injection: a case presentation.

De Quervain tenosynovitis is a disorder of the tendons of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist that causes pain and functional disability, which may be refractory to conservative treatments. We present a case of ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy and platelet-rich plasma injection for the successful treatment of de Quervain tenosynovitis.

Thiosquaraine rotaxanes: synthesis, dynamic structure, and oxygen photosensitization.

Thiosquaraine dyes have sulfur atoms instead of oxygens on the central squaraine core, and they are powerful singlet oxygen photosensitizers. Stability studies show that they are susceptible to attack by nucleophiles. This problem was circumvented by preparing a mechanically interlocked thiosquaraine rotaxane.