Sexually dimorphic response to tobacco in the development of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) demonstrates a complex interaction with tobacco exposure and sex differences, where females and males may experience varying risks and outcomes. This study aims to investigate how sex differences mediate the relationship between tobacco exposure and CKD development, with a secondary focus on regional variability and social determinants of health.

Study Selection And Criteria: Comprehensive searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, clinicaltrials.