Before the damage is done: Early childhood hyperactivity difficulties in adolescents with deliberate self-harm - findings from the DALSC cohort.

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a growing issue among Danish adolescents, and a dramatic increase in the incidence of DSH has been observed since the turn of the millennium. The importance of early childhood factors on later development has been established, but research on the trajectories of DSH is still scarce, and longitudinal studies are much needed.

Method: Participants were 3,291 children and their mothers from The Danish Longitudinal Survey of Children (DALSC), a Danish population-based birth cohort from 1995.

The effectiveness of nationally implemented smoking interventions in Denmark.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions at a national level.

Method: A systematic follow-up was made of 3628 adults who participated in smoking cessation groups or in individual interventions in different settings in Denmark from January 2001 to March 2002.

Results: The rates of continued abstinence from smoking were estimated as 18% and 16% after 6 and 12 months, respectively, for the 3628 participants from 101 smoking cessation units.

Cost-effectiveness of the Danish smoking cessation interventions: subgroup analysis based on the Danish Smoking Cessation Database.

The cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions is well documented. However, most studies are based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and provide little information on the differences between subgroups. This study assessed the relative cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions offered to various subgroups of smokers, based on real-life data.

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial of bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release tablets as an aid to smoking cessation in hospital employees.

Despite changes in smoking behavior, one-third of the Danish population continues to smoke. Many of these smokers are hospital employees. This 6-month, multicenter, parallel group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated treatment with bupropion hydrochloride sustained release (Zyban) compared with placebo as an aid to smoking cessation in health care workers.

Diagnostic value of routine radioisotope bone scanning in a series of 63 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Background And Aim: Routine use of diagnostic radioisotope bone scanning in patients with sarcoidosis has not previously been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess whether routine radioisotope bone scanning might be of value in the detection of osseous lesions in sarcoidosis.

Methods: 63 consecutive Caucasian patients (32 men) with a median age of 39 years (range 17-66) and biopsy proven pulmonary sarcoidosis were included.

Treatment of malignant pleural effusion: pleurodesis using a small percutaneous catheter. A prospective randomized study.

The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to investigate the possibility of performing pleurodesis using a small percutaneous catheter (Cystofix catheter, CH10, 65 cm) inserted at bedside in patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion and to compare this catheter with a conventional large bore chest tube (CH24) placed in connection with diagnostic thoracoscopy. After drainage pleurodesis was performed with tetracycline as sclerosing agent. Of 18 evaluable consecutive patients (mean age 67.

Nurse-conducted smoking cessation with minimal intervention in a lung clinic: a randomized controlled study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a motivational, minimal intervention approach to smoking cessation in an open, randomized design conducted by nurses as routine work in a lung clinic. Subjects who smoked less than 10 cigarettes x day(-1), and subjects who smoked > or = 10 cigarettes x day(-1) and who had refused to participate in a smoking cessation trial with nicotine replacement therapy, were randomly allocated to a motivational approach to smoking cessation or to a control group. The motivational approach consisted of a nurse-conducted 5 min consultation concerning reasons to quit smoking, brochures about smoking cessation and advice about how to quit.

Acute admissions to medical departments. A comparison between an urban and a rural district.

To compare hospitalization into medical departments, acute admissions into a city hospital and into a district hospital were compared prospectively over a two-week period. Patients referred to the city hospital were on average older, were more frequently living alone and they had a greater amount of social care attendance in their homes. On the other hand, distribution of referral diagnoses, overall patient activity, occupational status and contact with relatives were similar in the two areas.

[Methotrexate treatment of patients with prednisolone dependent bronchial asthma].

In this review we went through eight placebo-controlled clinical trials of the folic acid antagonist methotrexate in the treatment of bronchial asthma. The studies, which differ in their methods and findings, are reviewed critically. Some studies seem to give documentation of methotrexate as an effective drug in reducing the corticosteroid requirements in patients with chronic corticosteroid-dependent asthma.

[Oxygen therapy of chronic lung disease. Testing of a chemical oxygen generator--Vitaria].

Twenty patients (11 females, nine males, mean age: 70.6 years) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypoxaemia took part in a randomized single blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial, testing the efficacy of a new transportable oxygen delivery system (VITARIA). The system consists of a container and a sodium carbonate containing powder (75 mg).

Orally administered N-acetylcysteine may improve general well-being in patients with mild chronic bronchitis.

Oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exerts a beneficial action in chronic bronchitis by reducing the number of exacerbations. There have been few studies of the effect of NAC (or of any other drug) on general well-being in chronic bronchitis. We used an established psychiatric instrument (General Health Questionnaire; GHQ) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) to measure well-being in a 22-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study of NAC administered as sustained release tablets 600 mg b.

Terbutaline inhalations by the Turbuhaler as replacement for domiciliary nebulizer therapy in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often treated with high dose inhalations of beta 2-agonists. We compared domiciliary therapy with terbutaline administered by the Turbuhaler and by a jet nebulizer. Forty nebulizer users with severe COPD were included in the randomized, double-blind, cross-over study.

Bronchodilating effect of terbutaline powder in acute severe bronchial obstruction.

The bronchodilating effect of terbutaline dry powder inhaled via Turbuhaler was compared with terbutaline inhaled via a conventional, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) inhaler and Nebuhaler (750 ml spacer) in 68 consecutive patients attending the emergency department with acute severe bronchial obstruction. The study was of an open, randomized, parallel group design with one study day. Patients were treated with 2.

A seven-year follow-up study of 343 adults with bronchial asthma.

A study of 343 urban adult outpatients with a history of bronchial asthma was initiated in 1981. Asthma was verified by a reversibility in airflow obstruction of at least 0.5 1 in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) (70%).

[Hypercalcemia during immobilization and prolonged anuria treated with disodium clodronate].

Severe hypercalcaemia was observed during prolonged anuria and prolonged immobilization in a previously healthy 34 years old male after a severe trauma caused by a traffic accident. Other causes of the hypercalcaemia were evaluated, and even though granulomas of unidentified nature were found in the liver after partial resection due to traumatic rupture the immobile state was concluded to be the major cause. A maximum calcium value of 4.

The effect of inhaled terbutaline on FEV1, FVC, dyspnoea and walking distance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was performed to evaluate the effect of terbutaline administered by a turbuhaler on spirometry, walking distance and dyspnoea during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and to evaluate relationships between changes in spirometry and working indices. The patients had a maximum reversibility in FEV1 of 15% predicted, and to ensure the option of studying correlations between changes in spirometry and working indices in patients with COLD a wide range of reversibility in FVC was ensured. Eighteen patients (M, 12; F, 6; mean age 68.

N-acetylcysteine by metered dose inhaler in the treatment of chronic bronchitis: a multi-centre study.

Sixty-five patients with chronic bronchitis were studied at five different centres in a double-blind, randomized trial. Two parallel groups were treated with either N-acetylcysteine or placebo by metered dose inhalers for 16 weeks. Following a 1-week run-in period, each patient recorded subjective impressions of the drug action on their bronchitic symptoms in a diary once a week.

Bronchodilator and corticosteroid reversibility in ambulatory patients with airways obstruction.

With the aim of characterising subgroups, we analysed reversibility tests from 1,048 patients with airways obstruction (baseline FEV1 less than 60% of predicted normal (%pred), and FEV1 to FVC ratio less than 0.6). Spirometry before and after inhalation of salbutamol 0.

[Pulmonary function and survival of patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, residents of Copenhagen].

From 1976 to 1987 alpha 1-antitrypsine deficiency type PiZZ was diagnosed in 89 patients living in the Copenhagen urban area (mean age: 45 years). Spirometry was performed yearly in 66 of these patients (mean observation period was 50 months). At the time of diagnosis basic FEV1 was significantly lower in smokers and ex-smokers than in patients who had never smoked (45%, 44% and 84% of predicted normal, respectively).

[New therapeutic possibilities in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency].

The alpha-1-antitrypsin gene is localized to chromosome 14. Numerous genetic variations may occur and some of these result in severely reduced concentration in the serum. The commonest cause of severe deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin is the gene-variant Z in the homozygotic form which occurs in one out of 2,000 Danes.

[Measurement of the quality of life or general health status in chronic obstructive lung diseases].

During recent years, in assessment of the therapeutic effect of medicinal treatment, measurement of the general condition of health or quality of life has been extensively employed. This holds true particularly in patients with chronic disease, including patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this patient category, several controlled investigations have been carried out in which one or more questionnaires concerning general health have been employed.

Decline in pulmonary function in patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Sixty-five patients with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (phenotype PiZ) were followed with spirometry at regular intervals of one year and a median observation period of four years. The annual decline in pulmonary function was adjusted for sex, age and height by division with the predicted normal pulmonary function. The median decline in FEV1 was 1.