Nurses' experiences of health concerns, teamwork, leadership and knowledge transfer during an Ebola outbreak in West Africa.

Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of health concerns, teamwork, leadership and management and knowledge transfer during an Ebola outbreak in West Africa.

Design: The study has a qualitative descriptive design.

Methods: The 44 nurses who had worked in an Ebola Treatment Centre in Kenema in 2014 and 2015 were invited by email to respond to a questionnaire.

Higher education as a platform for capacity building to address violence against women and promote gender equality: the Swedish example.

Violence against women is an acknowledged public and global health problem which has adverse consequences for women's health. Education, especially higher education, has long been identified as an important arena for addressing the problem and promoting gender equality. Two measures recently put in place in the Swedish higher education have brought the role of the sector into focus.

Global nursing in an Ebola viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak: before, during and after deployment.

Background: Nurses are on the forefront and play a key role in global disaster responses. Nevertheless, they are often not prepared for the challenges they are facing and research is scarce regarding the nursing skills required for first responders during a disaster situation.

Objectives: To investigate how returnee nursing staff experienced deployment before, during and after having worked for the Red Cross at an Ebola Treatment Center in Kenema, West Africa, and to supply knowledge on how to better prepare and support staff for viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks.

Time trends in 20 years of medication use in older adults: Findings from three elderly cohorts in Stockholm, Sweden.

Unlabelled: New drugs and expanded drug indications are constantly being introduced. Welfare states strive to provide equity in drug treatment for all of its citizens and todaýs healthcare systems spend financial resources on drugs for the elderly in a higher rate than for any other age group. Drug utilization in elderly persons has an impact in health and wellbeing in older people.

Cohort Effects in the Prevalence and Survival of People with Dementia in a Rural Area in Northern Sweden.

Background: Recent studies suggest that trends in cardiovascular risk may result in a decrease in age-specific prevalence of dementia. Studies in rural areas are rare.

Objectives: To study cohort effects in dementia prevalence and survival of people with dementia in a Swedish rural area.

Incidence of ADL Disability in Older Persons, Physical Activities as a Protective Factor and the Need for Informal and Formal Care--Results from the SNAC-N Project.

Background: The aim of the study was to examine 1) the incidence of disability in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), in persons 78 years and older 2) explore whether being physical active earlier is a significant predictor of being disability free at follow-up and 3) describe the amount of informal and formal care in relation to ADL-disability.

Methods: Data were used from a longitudinal community-based study in Nordanstig (SNAC-N), a part of the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC). To study objectives 1) and 2) all ADL-independent participants at baseline (N = 307) were included; for objective 3) all participants 78 years and older were included (N = 316).

Horizontal and vertical targeting: a population-based comparison of public eldercare services in urban and rural areas of Sweden.

The concepts of target efficiency can be used to assess the extent to which service provision is in line with the needs of the population. Horizontal target efficiency denotes the extent to which those deemed to need a service receive it and vertical target efficiency is the corresponding extent to which those who receive services actually need them. The aim of this study was to assess the target efficiency of the Swedish eldercare system and to establish whether target efficiencies differ in different geographical areas such as large urban, midsize urban and rural areas.

Older people's experience of utilisation and administration of medicines in a health- and social care context.

Background: People living at home who lack ability to manage their medicine are entitled to assistance to improve adherence provided by a home care assistant employed by social care.

Aim: The aim was to describe how older people with chronic diseases, living at home, experience the use and assistance of administration of medicines in the context of social care.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study.

Unlicensed personnel administering medications to older persons living at home: a challenge for social and care services.

Background: Administration of medication to care recipients is delegated to home-care assistants working in the municipal social care, alongside responsibility for providing personal assistance for older people. Home-care assistants have practical administration skills, but lack formal medical knowledge.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how home-care assistants perceive administration of medication to older people living at home, as delegated to them in the context of social care.

Temporal trends of functional dependence and survival among older adults from 1991 to 2010 in Sweden: toward a healthier aging.

Background: Declines in functional dependence among older adults were observed before the 1990s, but there is uncertainty about subsequent trends. Our study aimed to verify the temporal trends in disability during 1991-2010 in an older Swedish population and to estimate the associated changes in survival.

Methods: Functional status in octogenarians and nonagenarians was assessed at seven occasions with intervals of 2-3 years.

Time trends in prevalence of activities of daily living (ADL) disability and survival: comparing two populations (aged 78+ years) living in a rural area in Sweden.

The aim was to study time trends in prevalence of disability in ADL and survival among men and women 78 years and older comparing two cohorts. The study was a time trend study based on two population-based community cohorts, the Nordanstig Project (NP), collected 1995-1998 and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Nordanstig (SNAC-N), collected 2001-2003. The participants were people aged 78 years and older from the NP cohort (N=303) and from the SNAC-N cohort (N=406).

Twenty-year changes in dementia occurrence suggest decreasing incidence in central Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: To explore whether prevalence, survival, and incidence of dementia have changed from 1987-1994 to 2001-2008 in Stockholm, Sweden.

Methods: This study is based on 2 cross-sectional surveys of people aged 75 years or over conducted in central Stockholm: the Kungsholmen Project (KP) (1987-1989, n = 1,700) and the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) (2001-2004, n = 1,575). In both surveys we diagnosed dementia according to DSM-III-R criteria, following the identical diagnostic procedure.

District nurses' perceptions of the concept of delegating administration of medication to home care aides working in the municipality: a discrepancy between legal regulations and practice.

Aims And Objectives: To describe district nurses' perceptions of the concept of delegating medication management to unlicensed personnel working in municipal social care.

Background: The delegation of medical tasks involves responsibility and is regulated by law to avoid damage and injuries and to protect the patient. The delegation of the administration of medication is a multifaceted task.

Morbidity and physical functioning in old age: differences according to living area.

Objectives: To describe differences in morbidity and functional status according to living area.

Design: Community-based survey.

Setting: A community-based prospective cohort, the Kungsholmen-Nordanstig Project.

Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention.

More than 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia, most suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In both developed and developing nations, Alzheimer's disease has had tremendous impact on the affected individuals, caregivers, and society. The etiological factors, other than older age and genetic susceptibility, remain to be determined.

Prevention of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Major findings from the Kungsholmen Project.

The aging of the population is a worldwide phenomenon, and studying age-related diseases has become a relevant issue from both a scientific and a public health perspective. This review summarises the major findings concerning prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias from a population-based study, the Kungsholmen Project. The study addresses risk- and protective factors for AD and dementia from a lifetime perspective: at birth, during childhood, in adult life, and in old age.

Time use and costs of institutionalised elderly persons with or without dementia: results from the Nordanstig cohort in the Kungsholmen Project--a population based study in Sweden.

Background: The aging of the population has become a worldwide phenomenon. This leads to increased demand for services and with limited resources it is important to find a way to estimate how resources can be match to those with greatest need.

Aims: To analyse time use and costs in institutional care in relation to different levels of cognitive and functional capacity for elderly persons.

Rethinking the dementia diagnoses in a population-based study: what is Alzheimer's disease and what is vascular dementia?. A study from the kungsholmen project.

Objective: To explore the hypothesis that older adults often are affected by more than one disease, making the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) difficult.

Methods: Incident dementia cases (n = 308) from a population-based longitudinal study of people 75+ years were investigated. The DSM-III-R criteria were used for the clinical diagnosis of dementia.

Cognitive impairment is the major risk factor for development of geriatric syndromes during hospitalization: results from the GIFA study.

Objective: To detect the main factors associated with the occurrence of specific geriatric syndromes (namely pressure sores, fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence and falls) in elderly patients during hospitalization.

Design: Observational prospective study.

Setting: Eighty-one community and university hospitals throughout Italy.

APOE genotype, family history of dementia, and Alzheimer disease risk: a 6-year follow-up study.

Background: Both family aggregation and apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele are well-known risk factors for dementia, but the relation between these two factors remains unclear.

Objective: To explore whether the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) due to a positive family history is explained by APOE genotypes.

Design: Community-based cohort study.

Decline in blood pressure over time and risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project.

Background And Purpose: Low blood pressure has been related to an increased risk of dementia. We sought to verify blood pressure variations before and after a dementia diagnosis and to relate blood pressure decline to subsequent Alzheimer disease and dementia.

Methods: A community dementia-free cohort aged > or =75 years (n=947) underwent follow-up examinations twice over a period of 6 years to detect dementia cases (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, revised [DSM-III-R] criteria, n=304).

Women are more disabled in basic activities of daily living than men only in very advanced ages: a study on disability, morbidity, and mortality from the Kungsholmen Project.

Objective: We explored the effect of morbidity, mortality, and occurrence of new disability on gender differences in activities of daily living (ADL) functioning in different age groups in the elderly population.

Methods: All 77+-year-old members of a community-based cohort were clinically examined by physicians, assessed by psychologists, and interviewed by nurses at baseline and after a 3-year interval. Diseases were diagnosed according to ICD-9 and the DSM-III-R criteria for dementia.

Terminal decline and cognitive performance in very old age: does cause of death matter?

Cross-sectional differences and longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning in relation to mortality across a 7-year follow-up period, with 3 times of measurement, were examined in a population-based sample of very old adults. The authors also sought to determine whether cause of death (cerebro/cardiovascular disease [CVD]; non-CVD) modified the magnitude of mortality-related cognitive deficits. Cognitive performance was indexed by tests of general cognitive ability, episodic memory, primary memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial ability.

The magnitude of dementia occurrence in the world.

In this study, the worldwide occurrence of dementia in 2000 and during the period 1950-2050 was estimated. The calculations were based on worldwide demographics of the elderly and age-specific prevalence and incidence values of dementia, estimated from a meta-analysis. In a sensitivity analysis, different prevalence sources were used.

Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project: a 6-year follow-up study.

Background: Previous studies have reported a higher prevalence of dementia in persons with low blood pressure.

Objective: To examine whether low blood pressure is prospectively associated with the occurrence of Alzheimer disease and dementia in elderly people.

Subjects And Methods: A community-based, dementia-free cohort (n = 1270) aged 75 to 101 years was longitudinally examined twice within 6 years to detect incident dementia using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition criteria.