Cost-effectiveness analysis of 21-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine among adults in Canada.

Background: A 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV21) was recently authorized in Canada to protect adults against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of PCV21 compared to current Canadian vaccination recommendations for adults of different age and risk groups.

Methods: We used a static cohort model to estimate lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), in 2023 Canadian dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), discounted at 1.

Cost effectiveness of a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults: A systematic review of economic evaluations.

Background: In July 2024, Health Canada authorized a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Pneu-C-21) for use in adults.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of Pneu-C-21 for preventing pneumococcal disease in adults.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature and National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups' websites on July 3, 2024.

COVID-19 vaccine evidence monitoring assisted by artificial Intelligence: An emergency system implemented by the Public Health Agency of Canada to capture and describe the trajectory of evolving pandemic vaccine literature.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid accumulation of novel vaccine research evidence. As a means to monitor this evidence, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) created the vidence etraction eam for esearch nalysis (), which contributed to situational awareness in Canada through a bibliographic repository used to support decision-making by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization. We describe the process by which this literature was identified and catalogued, and provide an overview of characteristics in the identified literature.

Self-help interventions for the prevention of relapse in mood disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Self-help interventions may offer a scalable adjunct to traditional care, but their effectiveness in relapse prevention is not well-established. Objectives: This review aimed to assess their effectiveness in preventing relapses among individuals with mood disorders.

Methods: We systematically reviewed the pertinent trial literature in Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases until May 2024.

Lessons Learned From Applying a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework to Economic, Social, and Other Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Individual and community-level COVID-19 mitigation policies can have effects beyond direct COVID-19 health outcomes, including social, behavioral, and economic outcomes. These social, behavioral, and economic outcomes can extend beyond the pandemic period and have disparate effects on populations. Public Health-Seattle & King County (PHSKC) built on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's community mitigation strategy framework to create a local project tracking near-real-time data to understand factors affected by mitigation approaches, inform decision-making, and monitor and evaluate community-level disparities during the pandemic.

The Role of Human-Centered Design in Healthcare Innovation: a Digital Health Equity Case Study.

Healthcare delivery has become more complicated, particularly with the addition of digital tools and advanced technologies that can further exacerbate existing disparities. New approaches to solve complex, multi-faceted problems are needed. Human-centered design (HCD), also known as design thinking, is an innovative set of methods to develop solutions to these types of issues using collaborative, team-based, and empathetic approaches focused on end user experiences.

Impacts of COVID-19 on Young Children and Families: A Qualitative Study Using Best Starts for Kids Health Survey Data in King County, WA.

Objectives: To evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and caregivers with young children in King County, Washington using data from a local population-based survey, the Best Starts for Kids Health Survey (BSKHS).

Methods: 7033 parents and caregivers in King County, Washington with children 5th grade and younger participated in the BSKHS in 2021. Three evaluators adopted a framework method approach to thematic analysis for open-ended survey responses regarding the impacts of COVID-19 on families.

Social, Economic and Overall Health Impacts of COVID-19 on People Living with Disabilities in King County, WA.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated mitigation measures to reduce the spread of disease affected the social, economic, and overall health of individuals. Quantitative administrative datasets typically did not contain demographic information that allowed for reporting or analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on people living with disabilities. Understanding the experiences of this population during the pandemic can inform the design of public health responses that are more robust and better connected to community.

Tilmanocept as a novel tracer for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma and oral cancer.

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been pivotal for pathological assessment of nodal status in cutaneous melanoma (CM) and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) thus crucial for staging. An ideal agent for lymphatic mapping should have a standardized preparation, appropriate accumulation in first-echelon nodes and no side effects. Tilmanocept, a CD206-receptor targeted novel radiotracer fulfils these properties.

Does Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Accurately Stage the Clinically Negative Neck in Early Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is being increasingly used worldwide as a minimally invasive option to stage the clinically node-negative neck (N0) in patients with early oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC). We performed this trial to assess the reliability and validity of the technique.

Methods: We did this prospective interventional nonrandomized study in patients with early (cT1-T2 OCSCC) and with negative neck.

Intra-Thyroid Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Incidentally Identified in an Adult With Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) commonly occurs in the neck just below the hyoid bone. Uncommon sites of TDC have been documented, and of these, an intra-thyroid location is very rare. We report such a rare intra-thyroid TDC (ITTDC) initially identified by ultrasound examination as an incidental thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) three lesion in the left thyroid lobe of a 59-year-old male patient with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma.

Ultra-Rapid-Acting Insulins: How Fast Is Really Needed?

Objective: To review the new ultra-rapid-acting insulin analogs and describe the benefits and limitations compared with other bolus insulins.

Summary: The options for bolus insulins, which are usually taken at mealtime or for correction of hyperglycemia, are expanding, with recent approvals of faster-acting insulin aspart and insulin lispro-aabc. These new-generation insulins contain additives that enhance absorption and accelerate onset of action.

Cross-Sector Monitoring and Evaluation Framework: Social, Economic, and Health Conditions Impacted During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Public Health 3.0 approaches are critical for monitoring disparities in economic, social, and overall health impacts following the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated policy changes to slow community spread. Timely, cross-sector data as identified using this approach help decisionmakers identify changes, track racial disparities, and address unintended consequences during a pandemic.

Conservative Management of Severe Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw With Pathological Fracture.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a well-known risk following dental extraction in patients taking certain medications. Pathological fracture secondary to MRONJ often requires complex operative intervention.This case demonstrates the conservative management of pathological fracture secondary to MRONJ in a patient with multiple comorbidities.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Outcomes in Patients with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: The effectiveness of probiotics in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism has not been clearly demonstrated. It is also unclear if outcomes are consistent across different probiotic formulations.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL database from inception through May 2020.

Benefits of delivering research podium presentations by students enrolled in pharmacy programs: A descriptive study.

Introduction: Objectives include (1) To create an opportunity for students enrolled in pharmacy programs to enhance their presentation skills by delivering research podium presentations at a regional conference; (2) To probe students' experience about podium presentations at the inaugural American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division (AAAS PD) - American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Students' Symposium; and (3) To introduce student pharmacists to science-oriented research.

Methods: The student presenters were asked to anonymously answer 15 questions before and after the symposium. Question topics included factual information about students' background and favorability perceptions about symposia.

Students' perceptions of a new transitions of care elective course in the pharmacy curriculum.

Background And Purpose: The purpose of the new transitions of care (TOC) elective to the pharmacy curriculum is to train pharmacy students to address TOC medication-related problems, assess students' knowledge and perceptions of the TOC pharmacist's role, and explore the impact on interest in post-graduate career planning.

Educational Activity And Setting: Third-year pharmacy students were enrolled in the two-credit TOC elective course. The course was designed to include relevant TOC concepts and application of the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process.

Dual thyroid ectopia with submental thyroid excision using Sistrunk procedure: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Having two or more sites of simultaneous ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare phenomenon. Thyroid ectopia should be considered in congenital hypothyroidism where no eutopic thyroid gland is found.

Case Presentation: This case describes an incidental finding of dual ectopic thyroid tissue on computer tomography scan in an adult with known congenital hypothyroidism that was previously attributed to thyroid agenesis.

Endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery: Review of current applications and future trends.

Endoscopy provides unique optical properties to circumvent anterior segment opacities and visualize difficult-to-access anatomical regions, including retroirideal, retrolental, ciliary body, and anterior retinal structures. We summarize the basic principles and utilization of endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery, along with recent technological advances in the field base on a structured literature search in Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar database up to February, 2020. Endoscopy has been used in the management of retinal detachment, ischemic retinopathies with neovascular glaucoma, severe ocular trauma, endophthalmitis, lens-related disorders in the posterior segment, pediatric vitreoretinal diseases, and implantation of retinal prostheses.

Effectiveness of a structured physical rehabilitation program on the physical fitness, mental health and pain for Chinese patients with major depressive disorders in Hong Kong - a randomized controlled trial with 9-month follow-up outcomes.

Purpose: The long-term and specific impacts on the physical and mental health for Chinese people with major depressive disorders (MDD) are not well-studied. The aim of the study is to investigate both short-and long-term effects of a structured physical rehabilitation program on the physical and mental health and pain for Chinese patients with MDD.

Methods: 84 Chinese patients with MDD were randomized to intervention ( = 42) or control group ( = 42).

Tumor depth of invasion versus tumor thickness in guiding regional nodal treatment in early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Tumor thickness (TT) and tumor depth of invasion (DOI) correlate with the risk of regional lymph node metastases in early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). We aimed to determine optimal cutoff points to guide elective nodal treatment in early OTSCC.

Study Design: This retrospective study included 145 patients treated between 1995 and 2012 for histologically proven OTSCC (<4 cm).

Learning on mobile augmented reality trails of integrity and ethics.

At the heart of university education, there must be an emphasis on students developing academic integrity and ethics (AIE), which is essential for their personal development and future professional careers. This paper reports on a project which employs an augmented reality (AR) interface accessed on mobile devices to bring AIE scenarios alive for students in everyday campus contexts. Mobile learning paths called 'Trails of Integrity and Ethics' (TIEs) have been created on Hong Kong university campuses, with students walking through study locations where ethical dilemmas might arise, and using an AR app to learn about, consider and respond to a range of problematic scenarios.