Repeated polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test in narcolepsy type 1 and other hypersomnolence disorders.

Background: The diagnosis of narcolepsy is based on clinical information, combined with polysomnography (PSG) and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). PSG and the MSLT are moderately reliable at diagnosing narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) but unreliable for diagnosing narcolepsy type 2 (NT2). This is a problem, especially given the increased risk of a false-positive MSLT in the context of circadian misalignment or sleep deprivation, both of which commonly occur in the general population.

Repeated measures of hypocretin-1 in Danish and Italian patients with narcolepsy and in controls.

Study Objectives: The assay currently used worldwide to measure cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 (CSF-hcrt-1) for diagnosing narcolepsy uses a competitive radioimmunoassay with polyclonal anti-hcrt-1 antibodies. This assay detects multiple hypocretin-1 immunoreactive species in the CSF that are all derived from full-length hcrt-1. We aimed to revalidate CSF-hcrt-1 cut-offs for narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) diagnosis and to evaluate temporal changes in CSF-hcrt-1 levels in patients suspected of having central hypersomnia.

Diagnostic value of actigraphy in hypersomnolence disorders.

Objective: Differentiating between the central hypersomnias presents a challenge to the diagnosis of patients with hypersomnolence. Actitigraphy may support efforts to distinguish them. We aimed to evaluate: 1) the ability of actigraphy to quantify sleep continuity measures in comparison with polysomnography in patients with hypersomnolence; 2) whether actigraphy can distinguish patients with hypersomnolence with normal hypocretin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with narcolepsy type 1 and from sleep-healthy controls; and 3) the distinct activity profiles and circadian rhythms of patients with narcolepsy type 1, patients with hypersomnolence with normal hypocretin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid, and sleep-healthy controls.

Type 1 narcolepsy is not present in 29 HPV-vaccinated individuals with subjective sleep complaints.

Introduction: Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine uptake in girls and women is dropping markedly in some countries. Concern about the presumed side effects is the commonest reason why. Reports about side effects include specific sleep complaints such as excessive daytime sleepiness, altered dream activity and periods of muscle weakness.

Familial risk for major depression is associated with lower striatal 5-HT₄ receptor binding.

Background: The 5-HT4 receptor provides a novel potential target for antidepressant treatment. No studies exist to elucidate the 5-HT4 receptor's in vivo distribution in the depressed state or in populations that may display trait markers for major depression disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to determine whether familial risk for MDD is associated with cerebral 5-HT4 receptor binding as measured with [(11)C]SB207145 brain PET imaging.