U.S. Adolescents' Daily Social Media Use and Well-being: Exploring the Role of Addiction-like Social Media Use.

Associations between adolescent social media use and well-being are inconclusive, and studies using rigorous methodologies and objective measures are needed. Additionally, attention on what individual differences may moderate linkages between social media and well-being is necessary. We tested 1) how daily social media use (assessed via ecological momentary objective and self-reports) relates to daily subjective well-being, 2) the prevalence and concordance between scholar-defined addiction-like social media use (ASMU) and participant perceptions of social media addiction, 3) how these constructs relate to subjective well-being, and 4) if these constructs moderate daily links between social media use and subjective well-being.

Socioeconomic status and adolescents' risk-taking behavior: No longitudinal link or differences by neurobiological activation when anticipating social rewards.

This longitudinal, preregistered study investigated the hypothesis that adolescents who are raised in socioeconomic adversity engage in relatively more health-compromising risk-taking behavior during years when they show relatively heightened anticipation to social rewards. We operationalized this on a neurobiological level as activity of the ventral striatum, a region of the brain that is involved in social reward processing. A sample of 170 racially and socioeconomically diverse adolescents (12 at Wave 1, 53 % women, 35 % Latine, 29 % White, 22 % Black) completed annual assessments for up to five years, yielding 478 total observations.

Popularity, but not likability, as a risk factor for low empathy: A longitudinal examination of within- and between-person effects of peer status and empathy in adolescence.

This study examined reciprocal relations between two dimensions of peer status, likability and popularity, and two dimensions of empathy, empathic concern and perspective taking, across adolescence. A school-based sample of 893 ( = 12.60, = 0.

Annual Research Review: Adolescent social media use is not a monolith: toward the study of specific social media components and individual differences.

Social media have drastically changed the context of adolescent development. To date, the majority of research investigating the effects of these changes has measured time spent on social media, yielding inconclusive results-likely because this approach conceptualizes social media as a monolith. Social media experiences are complex and diverse, as are adolescents themselves.

Adolescents' Social Comparison on Social Media: Links with Momentary Self-Evaluations.

Adolescents are developmentally motivated to engage in social comparisons, and social media platforms provide abundant social information that facilitate comparisons. Despite the potential to trigger immediate emotional responses, little research has examined the day-to-day naturalistic occurrence of these comparisons and coinciding effects. Across fourteen days, 94 adolescents (51% female, = 16.

Early adolescents' ethnic-racial identity in relation to longitudinal growth in perspective taking.

Adolescents experience significant growth in social cognition, including perspective taking and identity formation. Due to the salience of race and ethnicity in the United States, adolescents' ethnic-racial identity (ERI) may have important implications for their sociocognitive development. The present study tested the association between ERI in early adolescence and subsequent longitudinal growth in perspective taking.

Diverse social media experiences and adolescents' depressive symptoms: the moderating role of neurobiological responsivity to rejected peers.

Adolescents' experiences with social media are complex and can impact their mental well-being differently. Our study aimed to understand how neurobiological sensitivities may moderate the association between different social media experiences and depressive symptoms. In a multiwave study, 80 adolescents (Mage = 13.

Proximity within adolescent peer networks predicts neural similarity during affective experience.

Individuals befriend others who are similar to them. One important source of similarity in relationships is similarity in felt emotion. In the present study, we used novel methods to assess whether greater similarity in the multivoxel brain representation of affective stimuli was associated with adolescents' proximity within real-world school-based social networks.

A framework for integrating neural development and social networks in adolescence.

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by increasingly complex and influential peer contexts. Concurrently, developmental changes in neural circuits, particularly those related to social cognition, affective salience, and cognitive control, contribute to individuals' social interactions and behaviors. However, while adolescents' behaviors and overall outcomes are influenced by the entirety of their social environments, insights from developmental and social neuroscience often come from studies of individual relationships or specific social actors.

Neural Sensitivity to Peer Feedback and Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Executive Function.

Theories of adolescent development suggest that elevated neural sensitivity to social evaluation confers tradeoffs for adolescents' wellbeing, promoting adaptation to changing social contexts but increasing risk for emotional distress and depression. This study investigated whether the association between neural processing of peer feedback and depressive symptoms depends on teacher-reported executive function (EF) ability in adolescent girls. Girls showed activation to negative and positive peer feedback in regions implicated in social-emotional processing that interacted with EF to predict depressive symptoms.

Family and parenting factors are associated with emotion regulation neural function in early adolescent girls with elevated internalizing symptoms.

A prominent tripartite model proposes that parent role modeling of emotion regulation, emotion socialization behaviors, and the emotional climate of the family are important for young people's emotional development. However, limited research has examined the neural mechanisms at play. Here, we examined the associations between family and parenting factors, the neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation, and internalizing symptoms in early adolescent girls.

Age-related changes in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation are associated with daily prosocial behaviors two years later.

As adolescents acquire agency and become contributing members of society, it is necessary to understand how they help their community. Yet, it is unknown how prosocial behavior develops in the context of community-based prosocial behaviors that are relevant to adolescents, such as donating time to charities. In this longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study, adolescents (N=172; mean age at wave 1=12.

Daily links between objective smartphone use and sleep among adolescents.

Introduction: Concerns abound on how digital technology such as smartphone use may impair adolescent sleep. Although these linkages are supported in cross-sectional studies, research involving intensive longitudinal assessments and objective measures has called into question the robustness of associations.

Methods: In this study, a sample of ethnically diverse U.

Neural Tracking of Perceived Parent, but Not Peer, Norms Is Associated with Longitudinal Changes in Adolescent Attitudes about Externalizing Behaviors.

Adolescents' perceptions of parent and peer norms about externalizing behaviors influence the extent to which they adopt similar attitudes, yet little is known about how the trajectories of perceived parent and peer norms are related to trajectories of personal attitudes across adolescence. Neural development of midline regions implicated in self-other processing may underlie developmental changes in parent and peer influence. Here, we examined whether neural processing of perceived parent and peer norms in midline regions during self-evaluations would be associated with trajectories of personal attitudes about externalizing behaviors.

Longitudinal changes in the value and influence of parent and peer attitudes about externalizing behaviors across adolescence.

This preregistered, longitudinal study examined how much adolescents value and integrate their parents' and peers' attitudes into their own attitudes from early to middle adolescence. Across three waves, participants ( = 172, 91 female, 11-16 years across three waves; 439 data points) decided whether to pay money to learn their parents' or peers' attitudes about externalizing behaviors. Multivariate growth models revealed that adolescents were consistently willing to pay money over time to learn their parents' and peers' attitudes.

Developmental changes in brain function linked with addiction-like social media use two years later.

Addiction-like social media use (ASMU) is widely reported among adolescents and is associated with depression and other negative health outcomes. We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of neural social feedback processing that are linked to higher levels of ASMU in later adolescence. Within a longitudinal design, 103 adolescents completed a social incentive delay task during 1-3 fMRI scans (6-9th grade), and a 4th self-report assessment of ASMU and depressive symptoms ∼2 years later (10-11th grade).

Friendship changes differentially predict neural correlates of decision-making for friends across adolescence.

Adolescents' peer world is highly dynamic with constant dissolution of old friendships and formation of new ones. Though many of adolescents' risky decisions involve their peers, little is known about how adolescents' ever-changing friendships shape their ability to make these peer-involving risky decisions, particularly adaptive ones, and whether this association shifts over time. In a 5-wave longitudinal fMRI study, 173 adolescents (at wave 1: M = 12.

Neurobiological sensitivity to popular peers moderates daily links between social media use and affect.

Social media behaviors increase during adolescence, and quantifiable feedback metrics (e.g., likes, followers) may amplify the value of social status for teens.

Neural tracking of social hierarchies in adolescents' real-world social networks.

In the current study, we combined sociometric nominations and neuroimaging techniques to examine adolescents' neural tracking of peers from their real-world social network that varied in social preferences and popularity. Adolescent participants from an entire school district (N = 873) completed peer sociometric nominations of their grade at school, and a subset of participants (N = 117, Mage = 13.59 years) completed a neuroimaging task in which they viewed peer faces from their social networks.

Why adolescents conform to high-status peers: Associations among conformity, identity alignment, and self-esteem.

This study examined whether conformity to high- but not low-status e-confederates was associated with increases in identification with popular peers and subsequent increases in self-esteem. A sample of 250 adolescents (55.1% male; M = 12.

Why Haven't You Texted Me Back? Adolescents' Digital Entrapment, Friendship Conflict, and Perceived General Health.

Objective: Many adolescents feel pressure to be constantly available and responsive to others via their smartphones and social media. This phenomenon has been understudied using quantitative methods, and no prior study has examined adolescents' specific stress about meeting digital availability expectations within a best friendship, or entrapment. The present study offers an important preliminary examination of this unique digital stressor in a developmental context by examining prospective associations between digital entrapment, psychosocial adjustment, and health in adolescence.

Adolescents' neural sensitivity to high and low popularity: Longitudinal links to risk-taking and prosocial behavior.

Adolescents are particularly attuned to popularity within peer groups, which impacts behaviors such as risk-taking and prosocial behavior. Neurodevelopmental changes orient adolescents toward salient social cues in their environment. We examined whether neural regions that track popularity are associated with longitudinal changes in risk-taking and prosocial behavior.

Neural Representation of Donating Time and Money.

Volunteering and charitable donations are two common forms of prosocial behavior, yet it is unclear whether these other-benefitting behaviors are supported by the same or different neurobiological mechanisms. During an fMRI task, 40 participants (20 female-identifying; age: mean = 18.92 years, range = 18.