Insulin Withdrawal in Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Are We Waiting for?

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide stands at nearly 9.3% and it is estimated that 20-40% of these patients will develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and these patients often present high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in those patients with poorly controlled risk factors.

Transsexuality: Transitions, detransitions, and regrets in Spain.

Introduction: Health care demand by transsexual people has recently increased, mostly at the expense of young and adolescents. The number of people who report a loss of or change in the former identity feeling (identity desistance) has also increased. While these are still a minority, we face more and more cases of transsexual people who ask for detransition and reversal of the changes achieved due to regret.

Spanish population trends in Internet searches for information on different diets.

Objective: To use Google Trends to explore the trends of interest of the Spanish population regarding information related to different types of diets, focused on those that are popular and with evidence-based studies, over the last 10years.

Material And Methods: The search trends referred to the terms «Mediterranean diet», «ketogenic diet», «low fat diet», «intermittent fasting» and «vegan diet» were analyzed. The relative search volumes (RSV) of the terms were compared.

Human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients and their association with silent myocardial ischemia.

Objective: Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and increased mortality, but a possible correlation between leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress, and silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is yet to be confirmed.

Research Design And Methods: Mitochondrial dysfunction and interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in 200 type 2 diabetic patients (25 with SMI) and 60 body composition- and age-matched control subjects. A possible correlation between these parameters and the onset of SMI was explored, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also analyzed.

Relationship between erectile dysfunction and silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetic patients with no known macrovascular complications.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) because it is highly prevalent among those with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Moreover, it precedes the development of CVD and is considered a subrogate marker of subclinical CVD.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ED among patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) without macroangiopathy, and to assess the association between ED and other CVRFs, chronic diabetes complications, silent myocardial ischemia (SMI), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

[Safety of insulin analogues: what to evaluate, how to do it, and how to interpret the results].

The widespread use of insulin analogues is based not only on the pharmacokinetics of these preparations, which is much closer to the physiology of insulin secretion under normal conditions, but also on their safety and effectiveness. The publication of a possible association between the use of a long-acting insulin analogue (glargine) and breast cancer has caused uneasiness among the medical community regarding the safety of these analogues. The mechanism of increased tumor activity of insulin analogues is explained by the fact that they act through insulin receptors (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1R), stimulating cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis.

Testosterone levels in males with type 2 diabetes and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: One of the factors involved in type 2 diabetes in males is a reduction in levels of testosterone, which has been shown to predict resistance to insulin and the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: To assess the levels of testosterone in patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and silent myocardial ischemia (SMI).

Methods: Total testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin were measured and free and bioavailable testosterones were calculated using Vermeulen's formula.

A novel mutation in DAX1 (NR0B1) causing X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita: clinical, hormonal and genetic analysis.

The association of primary adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is extremely infrequent in daily clinical practice. Differential diagnosis includes X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita, a genetic disease characterized by an alteration in the formation of the adrenal glands and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. The gene responsible is DAX1 (NR0B1).

Obesity and overweight prevalences in rural and urban populations in East Spain and its association with undiagnosed hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Background: An increase in the number of overweight and obese subjects in the general population has been observed.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the general population and its association with undiagnosed pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus [DM] and hypertension [HT], by taking age, gender and place of residence [rural or urban] into account.

Findings: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in Castellón, East Spain in 2005-2006.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease: relationship to different clinical variables.

Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and how this relates with diabetes metabolic control, duration of diabetes, and presence of diabetic complications.

Methods: A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment loss) in a group of diabetic patients (n=90) versus a group of non-diabetics (n=90). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate relationship between periodontal parameters and degree of metabolic control, the duration of the disease, and the appearance of complications.

[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease].

Background And Objective: We aimed to know the prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors, hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a population with coronary heart disease (CHD) as compared with a population without personal or familial history of cardiovascular risk factors.

Subjects And Method: This was an observational and transversal study of cardiovascular risk factors making up the MS in an adult population. 367 subjects aged 35-79 years (268 men and 99 women) were studied; 185 had CHD (141 men and 44 women) and 182 (127 men and 55 women) were included as a control population.

[Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with morbid obesity: weight loss influence].

Background: We studied the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with morbid obesity and analyzed the influence of weight loss achieved through diet on these factors. We also evaluated the influence of gender on the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and on its response to diet.

Patients And Methods: An anthropometric evaluation was performed in patients with morbid obesity (23 men and 36 women).